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Psychology > Chapter 13: Theories Of Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Theories Of Personality Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Two components of personality

A

Character and temperament

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2
Q

A component of personality which refers to value judgments made about a person’s morals or ethical behavior

A

Character

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3
Q

A component of personality which refers to the enduring characteristics a person is born with

A

Temperament

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4
Q

Four perspectives regarding personality

A

Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
Humanistic
Trait perspectives

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5
Q

This perspective originated with the theories of Freud and focuses on the role of unconscious thoughts and desires

A

Psychoanalytic

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6
Q

Freud believed the mind was divided into three parts:

A

Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious

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7
Q

Part of the mind which contains all the things a person is aware of at any given moment

A

Conscious

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8
Q

Part of the mind which contains all the memories and facts that can be recalled with only minimal effort

A

Preconscious

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9
Q

Part of the mind which remains hidden at all times

A

Unconscious

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10
Q

Freud believed that personality can be divided into three components

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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11
Q

Component of personality that resides completely in the unconscious mind and represents the most primitive part of the personality containing basic biological drives such as hunger, thirst and sex

A

Id

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12
Q

The id operates on the __ which attempts to seek immediate gratification of needs with no regard for consequences

A

Pleasure principle

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13
Q

Refers to the psychological tension created by a person’s unconscious desires

A

Libido

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14
Q

Represents the mostly conscious and rational aspect of personality

A

Ego

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15
Q

Ego operates on the __ attempting to satisfy the desires of the id in a way that will minimize negative consequences

A

Reality principle

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16
Q

The last part of the personality to develop and represents the moral center of personality

A

Superego

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17
Q

The superego contains the __

A

Conscience

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18
Q

The __ demands immediate satisfaction
The __ places restrictions on which behaviors are morally acceptable
The __ is left in the middle to come up with a compromise

A

Id
Superego
Ego

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19
Q

Ways of dealing with stress through unconsciously distorting one’s perception of reality

A

Psychological defense mechanisms

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20
Q

10 defense mechanisms

A 
Denial
Repression
Rationalization
Projection
Reaction formation
Displacement
Regression
Identification
Compensation (substitution)
Sublimation
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21
Q

Unresolved conflicts at any of the psychosexual stages can lead to __

A

Fixation

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22
Q

First psychosexual stage wherein the erogenous zone is the mouth

A

Oral

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23
Q

Second psychosexual stage during which the anus serves as the erogenous zone and the conflict centers around toilet training

A

Anal stage

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24
Q

Third psychosexual stage and focuses on the child’s own genitals

A

Phallic

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25
Process that leads to the development of the superego
Identification
26
Fourth psychosexual stage which consists of repressed sexual feelings during which children focus on intellectual, physical and social development but not sexual development
Latency stage
27
Final psychosexual stage that occurs around the start of puberty when sexual feelings can no longer be repressed
Genital stage
28
Psychologists who agreed with Freud's theories but not all aspects
Neo-Freudians
29
He believed that there were two parts of the unconscious
Carl Gustav Jung
30
Two parts of the unconscious
Personal unconscious | Collective unconscious
31
Part of the unconscious which contains universal human memories called ____
Collective unconscious | Archetypes
32
He believed that the motivating factor of behavior was not the pleasure-seeking drive of the libido suggested by Freud, but rather the seeking of superiority through defense mechanisms such as compensation
Alfred Adler
33
She disagreed with Freud's emphasis on sexuality and thought personalities were shaped more by a child's sense of basic anxiety
Karen Horney
34
A child's basic anxiety, if unattended, could lead to the development of
Neurotic personalities
35
Personality consists of a set of learned responses or
Habits
36
Theorists who emphasize the role of conditioning along with an individual's thought processes in the development of personality
Social Cognitive Learning theorists
37
A proponent of the _____, he suggested that the environment, behavior and personal/cognitive factors all act together to determine an individual's actions
Social Cognitive View | Albert Bandura
38
Process wherein the environment, behavior and personal/cognitive factors all act together to determine an individual's actions
Reciprocal determinism
39
An important component of the cognitive factors which is a perception of how effective a behavior will be in a particular context
Self-efficacy
40
He proposed that individual's develop a relatively set way of responding and this behavior represented "personality."
Julian Rotter
41
An important determinant of the individual's response was his or her sense of
Locus of control
42
The individual's __ and the response's reinforcement value were the two key factors that determined how an individual would react
Expectancy
43
Perspective of personality which focuses more on qualities that are considered uniquely human such as free will and subjective emotions
Humanistic perspective
44
He proposed that humans are always striving to fulfill their innate capacities
Carl Rogers
45
Process wherein humans are always striving to fulfill their innate capacities
Self-actualizing tendency
46
Defined as warmth, affection, love and respect that comes from significant others
Positive regard
47
In order for an individual to work toward self-actualization, they need to be exposed to a certain level of
Unconditional positive regard
48
Rogers felt that this would restrict a person's ability to become a fully functioning person
Conditional positive regard
49
An individual's image of oneself
Self-concept
50
Self-concept can be divided into a __ and an __
Real self | Ideal self
51
Theories focused on describing personality and predicting behavior based on that description
Trait theories
52
A consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling or behaving
Trait
53
He identified approximately 200 traits in the English language that he felt were wired into each person's nervous system
Gordon Allport
54
He narrowed the number of traits down further by dividing traits into surface traits and source traits
Raymond Cattell
55
An example of a source trait
Introversion
56
Five source traits of the Five Factor Model
``` Openness Conscientiousness Extra version Agreeableness Neuroticism ```
57
Studies the role of inherited traits in personality
Behavioral genetics
58
He conducted a cross-cultural study for IBM that resulted in a description of each country along four basic dimensions
Geert Hofstede
59
Four basic dimensions studied by Hofstede
Individualism/collectivism Power distance Masculinity/Femininity Uncertainty Avoidance
60
A method of personality assessment in which the professional asks questions of the client and allows the client to answer in either a structured or unstructured manner
Interview
61
The tendency of a person's first impression to influence later assessments
Halo effect
62
Tests which attempts to assess a person's unconscious conflicts or desires by having them projected onto an ambiguous visual stimulus
Projective tests
63
Two of the most commonly used projective tests
Rorschach inkblot test | Thematic apperception test
64
A method of personality assessment wherein an individual would be observed in a specific setting
Direct observation
65
Used to record an individual's behaviors during direct observation
Rating scale | Frequency count
66
Questionnaire that has a standard list of questions that require specific answers
Personality inventory
67
Unique way in which each individual thinks, acts and feels throughout life
Personality

Psychology (6 decks)

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