Chapter 1

Question 1

statistics

Answer 1

• science of classifying, organizing, and analyzing data

- descriptive index of a sample (average of a sample)

Question 2

descriptive stats

Answer 2

organize and summarize observations to make them easier to understand

Question 3

inferential stats

Answer 3

used to estimate characteristics of a population based on data from a sample

Question 4

parameters

Answer 4

• descriptive index of a population

- average of a population of scores

Question 5

population vs. sample

Answer 5

• pop: complete set of observations

- samp: subset of pop

Question 6

rounding rules

Answer 6

• last digit greater than 5: round up
• last digit less than 5: round down
• last digit exactly 5: round to nearest even number
• ex. 23.465 -> 23.46

Question 7

variables

Answer 7

things that differ (ex. height, IQ scores)

Question 8

constants

Answer 8

things that stay the same (ex. UBC students)

Question 9

discrete vs. continuous variable

Answer 9

• discrete: can take on only certain values (ex. people at a meeting -> can’t have 73.4 people)
• continuous: can take on any value within its range (ex. height, weight, temperature -> can have 73.4 ft, lbs, degrees)

Question 10

measurement

Answer 10

observations expressed numerically

Question 11

scales of measurement

Answer 11

• NOIR:
• nominal
• ordinal
• interval
• ratio

Question 12

nominal scale

Answer 12

• no inherent numerical properties

- ex. sex, ethnic groups, majors

Question 13

ordinal scale

Answer 13

• provide rank order information only

- ex. movie ratings, academic standing

Question 14

interval scale

Answer 14

• have equal intervals between points on the scale

- ex. temperature (C and F)

Question 15

ratio scale

Answer 15

• have equal intervals and an absolute zero point (so ratios can be made)
• ex. temperature in Kelvin, length, weight