Chapter 1

Question 1

social psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of the nature and causes of individual behaviour and thoughts in social situations

Question 2

3 main facets of social psyc

Answer 2

1. social perception
2. social influence
3. social interaction

Question 3

social perception

Answer 3

which individuals form impressions of others and interpret information about them

Question 4

social influence

Answer 4

process in which other people affect the thoughts or actions of an individual

Question 5

social interaction

Answer 5

the relationship between 2 or more individuals and how those relations change our perceptions

Question 6

social influence results from..

Answer 6

social interactions

Question 7

basic research methods

Answer 7

‘pure’ research that is driven by curiosity or obtaining scientific knowledge about a phenomenon

Question 8

applied research methods

Answer 8

involve the application of basic research to solve practical problems in the real world

Question 9

sociocultural perspective

Answer 9

a perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behaviour and culture

Question 10

evolutionary perspective

Answer 10

focuses on the biological predispositions and physical that results in human survival

Question 11

natural selection

Answer 11

the process whereby individuals with certain characteristics are more frequently represented in subsequent generations as a result of being better adapted for their environment

Question 12

social cognitive perspective

Answer 12

a perspective that builds on behavioural theories and demonstrates that an individual’s cognitive process influences and is influenced by a behavioural association

Question 13

evolutionary perspective - stealing example

Answer 13

people steal because gaining certain objects even though stealing improves a person’s ability to survive

Question 14

sociocultural perspective - stealing example

Answer 14

people steal because our culture appreciated objects more than people

Question 15

social learning perspective - stealing example

Answer 15

a person steals because he learned though example that stealing is an acceptable behaviour

Question 16

social cognitive perspective - stealing example

Answer 16

a person steals because he simply doesn’t believe it’s wrong

Question 17

hindsight bias

Answer 17

the tendency to think that one knew that something would occur all along

Question 18

false consensus effect

Answer 18

a phenomenon that causes individuals to assume that everyone shares the same opinion they do

Question 19

differential construal

Answer 19

the act of judging circumstances differently

Question 20

confirmation bias

Answer 20

the tendency to notice information that confirms one’s beliefs and to ignore information that disconfirms one’s beliefs

Question 21

scientific methods

Answer 21

an approach to thinking that involves using systematic observations, measurements, and experiments to assess information

Question 22

social facilitation

Answer 22

the enhancement of a well learned performance when another person is present

Question 23

social loafing

Answer 23

a phenomenon that occurs when individuals make lead effort when attempting to achieve a particular goal as a group than they would if they were attempting to achieve the goal on their own

Question 24

social inhibition

Answer 24

when engaging in an complex or unlearned task, the presence of others would result in decreased performance

Question 25

a major milestone in the development of social psych curriculum was

Answer 25

publishing of textbooks

Question 26

interactionist perspective

Answer 26

combining internal factors (personality psych) and external factors (social psych)

Question 27

cognitive dissonance

Answer 27

the idea that our attitudes are often at odds with our behaviours

Question 28

social comparison theory

Answer 28

a theory to explain how people perceive themselves in terms of others

Question 29

construals

Answer 29

our own personal interpretation of a situation

Question 30

gestalts psychology

Answer 30

it is more important to study the way an object subjectively appears in one's mind than the objective characteristics of that object

Question 31

micro-level sociological theories

Answer 31

Focus on individual people – try to understand how individual people come to understand themselves and the world around them

Question 32

Symbolic interactionism or interactionist perspective

Answer 32

They see when people are engaged in interactions with each other ex. Symbols (alphabet – sounds – words) or gestures

Question 33

Primary motivator for our construals

Answer 33

social cognition approach | and Self-esteem approach

Question 34

Self-esteem approach

Answer 34

♣ the need to feel good ♣ will interoperate things in a way to allow us to motivate our self-esteem ♣ can sometimes lead us to bias and inaccuracies

Question 35

social cognition approach

Answer 35

the need to be correct

Question 36

fundamental attribution error

Answer 36

assumption that personality is more than the situation

Question 37

common sense can be inaccurate because

Answer 37

poor observers | biases distort observation

Question 38

poor observers

Answer 38

We don’t notice a lot of the stuff that goes on around us because we spend a lot of the time in low-effort-thinking

Question 39

biases distort observation

Answer 39

We can notice something but our brain might interoperate it in an inaccurate way