Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Social psychology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

nonverbal cues

A

behaviours, gestures, attitudes and expressions that convey thought or emotion without words

  • communicates personation traits
  • facilitates verbal communication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

five basic channels of nonverbal behaviour

A
  • facial expression
  • eye contact
  • body movement
  • posture
  • touching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6 basic emotions - +2

A
  • happiness
  • sadness
  • anger
  • surprise
  • disgust
    + pride
    + shame
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

microexpressions

A

involuntary expressions of facial emotion that only last a fraction of a second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

self-verification

A

the motivation of an individual for others to know him or her accuracy, including his or her negative features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dispositional attribution

A
  • internal attribution

- inferring that a person’s traits, something internal, caused his or her behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

situational attribution

A
  • external attribution

- inferring that the situation a person is in- something external to the person - caused his or her behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

correspondent inference theory

A

the theory that people base their inference regarding the source of others’ behaviours on whether or not the behaviour was socially desirable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

covariation theory

A

the theory that people base their inferences regarding the sources of other’ behaviours on whether or not there is consensus regarding the way one ought to respond, the distinctiveness of the response and the consistency of the person’s response arose situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

correspondence bias

A

the tendency of people to make dispositional attributions for other’s behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

a more commonly known name for the correspondence bias.

- someone acts a certain way because thats the way that they are (internal attribution) - ignoring all other factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

spontaneous trait inference

A

the process of automatically inferring traits from another persons’s behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

three-stage model of attribution

A

a model in which an observer automatically characterized a behaviour, automatically makes a dispositional inference and then uses conscious effort to correct to do so

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

need for cognition

A

the need that some individuals have to think, solve problems and understand their world accurately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

belief in a just world

A

people have to believe that the world is par and adjust their other beliefs to maintain that stand by concluding that bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

primacy effect

A

the phenomenon whereby the first pieces of information to which we are exposed have the most impact on our judgements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

recency effect

A

the phenomenon whereby the last pouches of information to which we are exposed have heightened impact on our judgements, relative to information received in the middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is beautiful is good

A

the phenomenon wherein beautiful things are imbedded with positivity and activate positive things in the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

halo effect

A

when one positive thing is known or believed about a person or target person, we tend to infer that the individual is positive overall and thus has other positive features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

belief perseverance

A

holding on to one’s beliefs, even in the gave of contradictory evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

expecting that something will happened and acting in ways that may unintentionally elect exactly what we expected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

facial expressions can be

A

encoded or decoded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

encoded

A

our own facial expressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

decode

A

figuring out other peoples facial expressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
questions about universality of facial expression
found that there is difficulty with decoding - if only provided with photo they cannot - if provided with photo and list, they can
26
other forms of nonverbal behaviour
- affected by display rules - eye contact - personal space - touch - gestures
27
display rules
- what things mean - when it's appropriate ex. cultural rules
28
variation of nonverbal behaviour due to
- situational context | - individuals
29
gender and nonverbal behaviour
- decoding nonverbal behaviour | - encoding nonverbal behaviour
30
decoding nonverbal behaviour
- women are better at it (?) | - men are better at detecting lies (because men are less trusting of women/others)
31
encoding nonverbal behaviour
- gender displays (different forms) | - code of gender
32
erving goffman
suggested that we our nonverbal behaviours engage in gender display - gender is a performance - understand our gender through the behaviours we engage in everyday
33
codes of gender
rules governing gender performances in our culture
34
implicit personality theory
- type of schema - group various traits together (ex.people who are viewed to be helpful are also viewed as sincere) - help us form well-developed impressions of people quickly - tired to culture ( traits going hand in hand can vary from different cultures) - don't only have to refer to personality traits as they can also include; likes and dislikes
35
attribution
- how we come to explain the reason for someone's behaviour | - attributions can be internal or external
36
when we try to offer an explanation for something we are coming up with
a casual attribution
37
kelly's covariation theory***
interactions where events may be caused by the - actor - entity - situation
38
actor
person performing the behaviour
39
entity
people to whom the behaviour is directed to
40
situation
social context of the behaviour
41
kelly's example
when bob and sally meet, bob hugs sally
42
example - actor
bob is an affectionate people
43
example - entity
bob is so loveable
44
example - situation
reunion of close friends who haven't seen each other in a while
45
factors we consider
- distinctiveness - consensus - consistency
46
distinctiveness
- how unusual is this behaviour
47
low distinctiveness -example
bob hugs everybody
48
high distinctiveness - example
bob never hugs anyone
49
consensus
how much agreement is there that the entity should be treated this way (do other people treat the entity this way as well)
50
low consensus - example
no one else hugs sally
51
high consensus - example
everybody hugs sally
52
consistency
how often does this actor perform this behaviour with this entity
53
high consistency - example
bob hugs sally every time
54
low consistency - example
just this one time
55
resulting attribution
determining the results
56
low distinctiveness, low consensus, high consistency
actor attribution
57
high distinctiveness, high consensus, high consistency
entity attribution
58
attribution and advertising
- trying to make an entity attribution | - high distinctiveness
59
distinctiveness - example
life cereal - mikey hates everything but loves this brand of cereal
60
consensus - example
bob hugs sally - everybody hugs sally | - 9/10 people really love this product, so you should love it too
61
biases in attribution
- fundamental attribution error - actor/observer difference - self-serving bias
62
what can contribute to the fundamental attribution error
- role of schemas - perceptual salience - anchoring/adjusting heuristic - two step attributional process
63
perpetual salience
what information stand out at you the most - shining our spotlight on the person; information for behaviour is going to be individually based and not all other background information
64
anchoring/adjusting heuristic
we are asked to make a judgement about something/one, our judgement revolves around a certain starting point - ex. price is right; answers are based on first contestant's answer
65
two-step attributional process
1. automatically make an internal attribution ("thats the kind of person she is" 2. consider factors outside that individual - this might make us move away from an internal attribution to and external attribution
66
actor/observer difference
- someone else's attribution we thinks its internal - our own attribution as external ex. he's being rude because he's a jerk, i was being rude because i was having a bad day
67
what can contribute to the actor/observer difference
- perceptual salience - availability - expectation
68
expectation
- we know someone well and like them, you are more likely to consider the external factors - external causes are obvious (is you see someone crash, because it's slippery - you're less likely to think they're a bad driver and just blame it on the weather)
69
self-serving bias
- how you explain your own behaviours - tied to a specific situation - example: when you fail at something you make an external attribution; when you succeed at something you make an internal attribution
70
what can contribute to self serving bias
- Cognitive explanations - Motivational explanations - Exceptions: Clinically-depressed Gender differences Other needs are more important than self-esteem

Social psychology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions