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Spanish for Research and Writing > Chapter 1: Gender and number of nouns, definite and indefinite articles, prepositions > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Gender and number of nouns, definite and indefinite articles, prepositions Flashcards

1
Q

How are nouns generally gendered in Spanish?

A

Masculine words typically end in “-o,” while feminine typically in in “-a.”

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2
Q

What is the gender of “clima”?

A

masculine

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3
Q

What is the gender of “mapa”?

A

masculine

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4
Q

What is the gender of “planeta”?

A

masculine

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5
Q

What is the gender of “problema”?

A

masculine

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6
Q

What is the gender of “sistema”?

A

masculine

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7
Q

What is the gender of “día”?

A

masculine

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8
Q

What is the gender of “mano”?

A

feminine

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9
Q

What is the gender of “foto”?

A

feminine

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10
Q

What is the gender of “moto”?

A

feminine

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11
Q

What is the gender of “clase”?

A

feminine

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12
Q

What is the gender of “leche”?

A

feminine

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13
Q

What is the gender of “noche”?

A

feminine

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14
Q

What is the gender of “tarde”?

A

feminine

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15
Q

What is the gender of “coche”?

A

masculine

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16
Q

What is the gender of “diente”?

A

masculine

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17
Q

What is the gender of “rifle”?

A

masculine

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18
Q

What is the gender of “vientre”?

A

masculine

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19
Q

What is the gender of “nariz”?

A

feminine

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20
Q

What is the gender of “lápiz”?

A

masculine

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21
Q

What is the gender of “razón”?

A

feminine

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22
Q

What is the gender of “césped”?

A

masculine

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23
Q

What is the gender of “animal”?

A

masculine

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24
Q

What is the gender of “sartén”?

A

feminine

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25
Q

What is the gender of “amor”?

A

masculine

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26
Q

What is the gender of “reloj”?

A

masculine

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27
Q

Most nouns ending in “-ción” are what gender?

A

feminine

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28
Q

What is the gender of “lección”?

A

feminine

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29
Q

What is the gender of “reunión”?

A

feminine

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30
Q

What is the gender of “conversación”?

A

feminine

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31
Q

What is the gender of “avión”?

A

masculine

32
Q

What is the gender of “camión”?

A

masculine

33
Q

Most nouns ending in “-dad” are what gender?

A

feminine

34
Q

Most nouns ending in “-tad” are what gender?

A

feminine

35
Q

Most nouns ending in “-tud” are what gender?

A

feminine

36
Q

Most nouns ending in “-umbre” are what gender?

A

feminine

37
Q

Most nouns ending in “-ie” are what gender?

A

feminine

38
Q

How does a noun ending in an unstressed vowel become a plural?

A

By adding “s” to the end:

casa -> casas

39
Q

How does a noun ending in a consonant other than “s” become a plural?

A

By adding “es” to the end:

flor -> flores

40
Q

How does a noun ending in a stressed vowel (ending in “s” or not) become a plural?

A

By adding “es”, even after the existing “s”:

interés -> intereses

41
Q

How does a noun ending in an unstressed vowel plus s become a plural?

A

The form remains the same:
crisis -> crisis
virus -> virus

42
Q

What are the four ways Spanish uses a definite article in situations where English does not?

A
  1. In front of generic nouns that express a concept or idea: “La verdad es la belleza y la belleza es la verdad.”
  2. In titles, except in direct address: “La señorita Avellaneda esta en la oficina hoy.”
  3. To say “on Monday/Tuesday”: “el lunes; los domingos.”
  4. Parts of the body and articles of clothing: “Me lavo las manos; José se pone el sombrero.”
43
Q

What are the definite articles?

A

el, los, la, las

44
Q

What are the indefinite articles?

A

un, unos, una, unas

45
Q

When is the indefinite article omitted in Spanish where in English it is present?

A
  1. After the ver “ser” when the following word refers to nationality, religion, political affiliation, profession, or trade (unless the word is modified by an adjective): “Mi madre es pianista; Mi madre es una pianista fabulosa.”
  2. Before “cien,” “mil,” “otro/a,” “medio/a,” “cierto/a,” and after “tal” and “que”: “mil computadoras; otro problema; medio kilo de carne; tal dilema; que lástima.”
46
Q

Preposition: “a”

A

to/at/for/by/on/from

47
Q

Preposition: “ante”

A

before/in the presence of

48
Q

Preposition: “bajo”

A

under/underneath

49
Q

Preposition: “con”

A

with

50
Q

Preposition: “contra”

A

against

51
Q

Preposition: “de”

A

of/from/about/with/by/in

52
Q

Preposition: “desde”

A

from/since/after

53
Q

Preposition: “en”

A

in/on/at/by

54
Q

Preposition: “entre”

A

between/among

55
Q

Preposition: “excepto”

A

except

56
Q

Preposition: “hacia”

A

toward/about/near

57
Q

Preposition: “hasta”

A

until/to/as far as/up to

58
Q

Preposition: “menos”

A

except

59
Q

Preposition: “para”

A

for/to/toward

60
Q

Preposition: “por”

A

for/by/by means of/because of/for the sake of

61
Q

Preposition: “salvo”

A

except

62
Q

Preposition: “según”

A

according to

63
Q

Preposition: “sin”

A

without

64
Q

Preposition: “sobre”

A

about/on/upon/over

65
Q

Preposition: “tras”

A

after/behind

66
Q

Preposition: “además de”

A

in addition to/besides

67
Q

Preposition: “alrededor de”

A

around

68
Q

Preposition: “antes de”

A

before

69
Q

Preposition: “cerca de”

A

near

70
Q

Preposition: “debajo de”

A

underneath

71
Q

Preposition: “después de”

A

after

72
Q

Preposition: “detrás de”

A

behind/in back of

73
Q

Preposition: “encima de”

A

on top of

74
Q

Preposition: “fuera de”

A

outside of

75
Q

Preposition: “lejos de”

A

far from

Spanish for Research and Writing (18 decks)

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