Chapter 1: Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Anatomy studies what?

Answer 1

the form and structure of the body

Question 2

Physiology studies what?

Answer 2

examines how the body functions

Question 3

Subtypes of anatomy

Answer 3

1- microscopic anatomy
2- gross anatomy

Question 4

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 4

examines structures that cannot be observed by the unaided eye

Question 5

2 kinds of microscopic anatomy

Answer 5

1- cytology
2- histology

Question 6

Cytology

Answer 6

the study of body cells and their internal structure

Question 7

Histology

Answer 7

the study of tissues

Question 8

Gross anatomy

Answer 8

investigates structures visible to the unaided eye

Question 9

5 types of gross anatomy

Answer 9

1- systematic anatomy
2- regional anatomy
3- surface anatomy
4- comparative anatomy
5- embryology

Question 10

Systematic anatomy

Answer 10

studies the anatomy of each body system

Question 11

Regional anatomy

Answer 11

examines the structures in a body region

Question 12

Surface anatomy

Answer 12

focuses on superficial anatomic marking and internal body structures

Question 13

Comparative anatomy

Answer 13

examines anatomical similarities and differences in different species

Question 14

Embryology

Answer 14

studies developmental changes from conception to birth

Question 15

5 types of physiology

Answer 15

1- cardiovascular physiology
2- neurophysiology
3- respiratory physiology
4- reproductive physiology
5- pathophysiology

Question 16

Cardiovascular physiology

Answer 16

examines functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

Question 17

Neurophysiology

Answer 17

studies functioning of nerves and nervous system organs

Question 18

Respiratory physiology

Answer 18

explores functioning of respiratory organs

Question 19

Reproductive physiology

Answer 19

investigates the functioning of reproductive hormones and the reproductive cycle

Question 20

Pathophysiology

Answer 20

focuses on the function of a body system during disease or injury to the system

Question 21

Homeostasis

Answer 21

the ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment in response to changing internal or external conditions

Question 22

3 components of the homeostatic system

Answer 22

1- receptor
2- control center
3- effector

Question 23

Receptor

Answer 23

detects changes

Question 24

Control center

Answer 24

initiates changes through effector

Question 25

Effector

Answer 25

brings about changes

Question 26

Negative feedback

Answer 26

controls most processes in the body; resulting action is in the opposite direction of the stimulus

Question 27

Positive feedback

Answer 27

occurs much less frequently than negative feedback; stimulus reinforced to continue moving variable in the same direction until a climatic event occurs

Question 28

Example of negative feedback

Answer 28

temperature regulation

Question 29

Examples of positive feedback

Answer 29

• breastfeeding
• blood clotting
• labor

Question 30

Process of thermoregulation

Answer 30

• body temperature rises
• sensory receptors detect this and signal the hypothalamus
• hypothalamus alerts nerve impulses in blood vessels in the skin to increase the inside opening of the vessels
• this increases the amount of blood circulating to the body surface
• more heat is released through the skin