chapter 1 small Flashcards
(19 cards)
Domain
The highest level in classification above kingdom.
Eukaryote
Organism composed of one or more eukaryotic cells;members of the domain Eucarya are Eukaryotes.
Eukaryotic cell
Cell type characterized by a membrane-bound nucleus.
Obligate Intracellular Parasite
An organism or virus that multiplies only inside living cells.
Prion
A non-living infectious agent consisting only of protein
Prokaryote
Single-celled organism consisting of a prokaryotic cell;members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes.
Prokaryotic Cell
Cell type characterized by the lack of a membrane-bound nucleous.
Viroid
A non-living infectious agent consisting only of RNA.
Virus
A non-living infectious agent consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.
Describe the key experiments of scientists who disproved spontaneous generation.
- Spontaneous generation: Theory suggesting that organisms such as tiny worms can arise spontaneously from non-living material.
1. Francesco Redi: covered meat with gauze to prevent flies from depositing eggs.
2. Louis Pasteur: Swan-necked flask trapped
Explain why life could not exist without microorganisms.
They degrade cellulose replenish oxygen and converts nitrogen into a form that other organisms can use.
Describe the applications of Microbiology?
Food Production-bacteria is used to make food such as yeast for bread
Biodegradation-degrade enviromental pollutants
Biotechnology-uses microbiological and biochemical techniques to solve practical problems
Describe the role of microbes in disease including the triumphs present and future challenges and host-microbe interactions.
Disease causing microbes are pathogens Past triumphs would be antibiotics and vaccines The challenges were the occurances of so many diseases and diseases re-emerging and all of the human body are populated with characteristics communities of microorganisms called normal-microbiota or normal flora These organisms play a significant role such a preventing disease by competing with pathogens.
describe the diversity of microorganisms in terms of their numbers and ability to be grown in culture
Less than 1% can be in a lab microorganisms can differ in appearance metabolism physiology and genetics
compare and contrast bacteria archaea and eucarya
bacteria are single-celled organisms without membranebound nucleus; archaea are also single-celled differ for bacteria in that their cell wall doesnt have peptidoplycan they are able to grow in exterme conditions:; Eucarya have more than one true nucleus and have a membranebound nucleus have three members algea fungi protozoa.
Compare and Contrast algae fungi and protozoa.
Protozoa is single celled Fungi and algae is single celled and multi cellular.Source energy is ffrom sunlight for algae and organic compounds are the source of energy for fungi and protozoa Protozoa moves.
Explain how the scientific name of an organism is written.
The first word in the name indicates the genus and the first letter is capitalized. The second word indicates the species name and is not capitalized. The words are capatalized or written in Italic.
Compare and contrasts viruses viroids and prions.
Viruses -are referred to as host they consist of nucleic acid packaged with a protein coat they multiply using nutrients of living cells.
Viroids-simpler than viruses with only one single strand of RNA they multiply only inside cells
Prions-Are infectious and the cause of several fatal diseases in humans
Compare the size difference among microbes.
Although all members of the microbial world are small microbes span a tremendous range of size- the largest eukaryotic cell are about a million times bigger than the small viruses.Even within a group wide variations exist.
