More question ch1

Question 1

I. What is microbiology?

Answer 1

Biology: The study of life or living matter in all Forms Micro: To small to be see w/ the human eye Microbiology: study of life forms to small to see

Question 2

Microbes

Answer 2

Member of the microbial world may be living or non living organ agents

Question 3

Fossils for the first microbes date back _______________.

Answer 3

3.2 Billion Years Ago

Question 4

Approximately 1000 species live on/in ______________________.

Answer 4

Our Body

Question 5

For every human cell in your body; there are _____ microorganisms living there.

Answer 5

10

Question 6

4 Benefits of microorganisms: TEST

Answer 6

1) Chemical cycling 2) Food production 3) Bioremediation 4) Bio Technology 5)Mutualistic Relationships 6) Model Organisms

Question 7

1. Chemical cycling

Answer 7

Decomposer

Question 8

2. Food production

Answer 8

Curing and Fermentation ex. Cheese Yogurt Bread

Question 9

3. Bioremediation

Answer 9

Bio: Living Mediation: Fix To clean up pollution. Ex Oil Spill

Question 10

4. Biotechnology

Answer 10

Modify Genetics of Microorganism to do stuff for us. Ex Human Insulin

Question 11

5. Mutualistic

Answer 11

Relationships Probiotics in humans guts

Question 12

6. Model organisms

Answer 12

Test/killing running Tests on.

Question 13

B. Negative Impacts of microorganisms

Answer 13

1) Disease epidemics 2)Food-transmitted Pathogens 3)Antibiotic resistance bacteria

Question 14

1. Disease epidemics

Answer 14

Large number of people with an infectious disease. Ex: Cholera; Tuberculosis; HIV and Black Plague

Question 15

Epidemics affect other organisms:

Answer 15

Foot Mouth disease; Potato Blight; Colony Collapse disorder

Question 16

2. Food-transmitted pathogens

Answer 16

Ecoli; Salmonella

Question 17

3. Antibiotic resistance bacteria

Answer 17

Drugs that target them

Question 18

Three domains of life:

Answer 18

1)Bacteria 2)Achaea 3)Eukaryote

Question 19

Bacteria

Answer 19

Prokaryote ;Diverse; No Nucleous; Simple celled

Question 20

Archaea

Answer 20

Prokaryote; Small Simple; No nucleolus

Question 21

Eukaryas

Answer 21

Everything Else more than one cell or nucleus; organelle

Question 22

Characteristics of bacteria:

Answer 22

DNA w/o neuclus; Plasma membrane; Flagellum; cell walls ; ribosomes.

Question 23

Characteristics of archaea

Answer 23

Extremophiles- Lives in extreme environments

Question 24

4 Eukaryotic microbes:

Answer 24

1)Algae; 2) Protozoa; 3) Fungi; 4) Helminths

Question 25

Algae

Answer 25

Do photosynthesis

Question 26

Protozoa

Answer 26

Single Celled w/o Photosynthesis

Question 27

Fungi

Answer 27

Some are single celled EX Yeast

Question 28

Helminths

Answer 28

2 worms multi cellular

Question 29

Agents: Non-living microbes

Answer 29

Microbes that cant survive on there own 1) Viruses 2) Vidoids) Prions)

Question 30

Viruses

Answer 30

nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat (DNA)(RNA)

Question 31

Viroids

Answer 31

Naked RNA particles that replicate within cells

Question 32

Prions

Answer 32

Infection Protein w/ no nucleic acid that disrupts the shape of target protein

Question 33

Anthoni van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 33

Invented the microscope (pond water)

Question 34

Robert Hooke (1665)

Answer 34

First discovered cells using corkwood and termed it cells for it

Question 35

Microscopes today:

Answer 35

Most common is compound; bright field light microscope

Question 36

How do we create contrast in cell because most cell are transparent?

Answer 36

1) Staining 2)Phase contrast 3) Interference 4)Dark Field 5 Fluorescence

Question 37

Staining

Answer 37

Using dyes that adhere to cell components ( stains kill the cells)

Question 38

Phase contrast and interference

Answer 38

Created through use of the condenser: To create a shadow effect that makes specimen look 3-5 increase in contrast

Question 39

Dark-field

Answer 39

Indirectly shines light through specimen(shines light to the side) inverses contrast

Question 40

Fluorescence:

Answer 40

Occurs when organism emit other wavelengths of light when exposed to different wavelength of light. Lights source to the side goes through filter which allows 1 color thought the mirror

Question 41

A. Electron:

Answer 41

Use magnets instead of light rays. Can magnify up to 100000x with a resolution of .3nm(very small specimens but not live specimens)

Question 42

SEM

Answer 42

Scanning Electron Microscope (3D image of surface)

Question 43

TEM

Answer 43

Transmission electron Microscope (Thin section)

Question 44

X-ray microscopy-

Answer 44

Newer; innovative uses small wavelength to see things close together (works on living cells

Question 45

C. Atomic force

Answer 45

Highes resolution - limited detail prober picks out bumps in surface

Question 46

Simple stains:

Answer 46

Add basic(methylene blue) dye to stain) Pt above 7

Question 47

Negative stains:

Answer 47

Use acid dye that cannot penetrate cells but stains surrounding area(India ink)

Question 48

Differential stains

Answer 48

differentiates between groups of bacteria`

Question 49

Acid-Fast stain

Answer 49

Done to cell which have no cell walls uses mycobacterium and nocardidia stain EX: leprosy;TB