Chemistry

Question 1

What 4 elements make a 96% of body weight?

Answer 1

Oxygen (65%); Carbon (18.5); Hydrogen (9.5%); Nitrogen (3.3)

Question 2

Atomic Number v. Mass Number

Answer 2

Atomic number = # Protons whereas Mass number = #Proton + #Neutrons

Question 3

Different numbers of neutrons for a given element give rise to different

Answer 3

Isotopes

Question 4

Radioisotopes in medicine:

Answer 4

Some isoptes release energy to be able to scan(catscans)

Question 5

How many electrons per shell?1

Answer 5

1st Shell =2 2ns Shell 8 3rd shell 8

Question 6

Chemical bond Strongest to Weakest

Answer 6

Covalent bonds; Ionic Bonds; Hydrogen Bonds

Question 7

Biological significance of hydrogen bonds

Answer 7

Holds water together (DNA)

Question 8

Water makes up over _______% of living organisms by weight.

Answer 8

98%

Question 9

Monomer

Answer 9

single basic subunit

Question 10

Macromolecules=

Answer 10

Molecules of life: Proteins; Polysaccharides; Nucleic Acids; Lipids

Question 11

Polymers:

Answer 11

A large molecule made up of many identical/similar monomers bonded together

Question 12

Synthesis and Degradation components

Answer 12

Dehydration synthesis and Hydrolysis

Question 13

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 13

(remove water to build ; AKA Condensation)

Question 14

2. Hydrolysis

Answer 14

(break with water)

Question 15

4 Classes of biological molecules:

Answer 15

Proteins; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Nucleic Acids

Question 16

Function and Structure of Protein

Answer 16

Proteins function as the workhorse(enzymatic reaction ATP and enzyme machine and movement; membrane transport)

Question 17

What’s is the most abundant and diverse of biological molecules?

Answer 17

Proteins

Question 18

Protein is composed of?

Answer 18

Composed of AMINO ACIDS Monomers (20 types) arranged in a unique sequence.

Question 19

Amino Acids (monomers): structure:

Answer 19

General structure: composed carboxyl and amino groups

Question 20

What are the R chains?

Answer 20

R=side chain; 20 different possibilities; structure of side chain determines the properties of the amino acid (polarity; hydrophobicity; etc.)

Question 21

b. Polypeptides (polymers): Amino acids linked by _____________ bonds and joined by? (joined

Answer 21

Peptide together by dehydration synthesis

Question 22

Conformation

Answer 22

The function of proteins is absolutely dependent on its 3-D shape from Protein folding.

Question 23

Denaturation

Answer 23

Is cause from heat; change in pH; salt causing a protein to unfold from it 3d shape and not fold back

Question 24

Monomer of carbohydrates =

Answer 24

simple sugars/ mono saccharides

Question 25

Chemical formula of glucose

Answer 25

C6-H12-06

Question 26

Hydrophilic compounds

Answer 26

Dissolve well in water

Question 27

What is the primary form of energy made by the cell?

Answer 27

Glucose

Question 28

3 Examples of monosaccharide's:

Answer 28

Glucose;Frutose;Glactose

Question 29

What are Disaccharides and examples

Answer 29

Two monosaccharaides joined together. Maltose(two glucose) Lactose (glucose+galactose) Sucrose

Question 30

What are Polysaccharide and is function?

Answer 30

There Complex Carbohydrates build from 3 or more SUGUR MONOMERS Function as energy STORAGE(starch in plants glycogen in animals) and create STRUCTURE (I.e. Fiber like cellose; chitin(exoskeletons of crabs))

Question 31

Lipids 3 examples

Answer 31

Include FAT/greasy/oily compounds that do not dissolve in water (hydrophobic). Simple fats;Phospholipids; Steroids.

Question 32

Fatty Acid function/structure?

Answer 32

Function is to STORE energy. Glycerol + 3 fatty acids(monomer)

Question 33

How do Fatty acids vary in length and saturation

Answer 33

points of unsaturation = 14-20. A saturated Fatty acid has single bond between C whereas Unsaturated has a point of unsaturation where C has a double bond losing 2 hydrogen's

Question 34

Most animal fats are _______________ (solid at room temperature)

Answer 34

saturated

Question 35

Most plant fats are ________________ (liquid at room temperature

Answer 35

unsaturated

Question 36

Phospholipids:

Answer 36

A lipid with a phosphate group in its hydrophilic head; and two nonpolar fatty acid tails

Question 37

Phospholipids are Ambivalent with respect to water:

Answer 37

One side likes water and one side hates water

Question 38

Phospholipids Function:

Answer 38

make up bilayer of cells walls

Question 39

Steroids/Sterols Structure and function:

Answer 39

Lipids with four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails that send signals through bods and strengthen cell membranes

Question 40

Nucleic Acids monomer Structure

Answer 40

Sugar Nucleotides consisting of Phosphate + Sugar(deoxyribose or Ribososugar) + Nitrogenous base)

Question 41

Deoxyribose Sugar are in?

Answer 41

DNA nucleotides

Question 42

Ribose Sugar are in?

Answer 42

RNA nucleotides

Question 43

Nucleic Acids Polymer examples

Answer 43

DNA; RNA; ATP

Question 44

Nucleic Acids Polymer Structure

Answer 44

Polynucleotides -formed by dehydration synthesis between sugar and phosphate group of adjacent nucleotides

Question 45

DNA structure and Function

Answer 45

Long double stranded Helix: Store genetic Info

Question 46

RNA structure and Function

Answer 46

Short Single-Strand: helps utilize DNA

Question 47

ATP structure and Function

Answer 47

Is a monomer 3 Parts Ribose sugar+ adenine base+ 3 phosphate group(high energy bond) Functions energy currency.