Eukaryotic cell

Question 1

Eukaryotic cell size

Answer 1

10 times the diameter of the size of Prokaryotic Cell 5-50um

Question 2

What does a larger cell size in eukaryotes allow?

Answer 2

Has a nucleus; Has membrane bound Organelles; More complexity

Question 3

What limitations does a larger cell size produce in a Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 3

1) Small surface area to volume 2)slower response time not adaptable 3)reproduces slower

Question 4

Membrane-bound organelles 6 examples in Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 4

1) nucleus 2) endoplasmic reticulum 3) Golgi complex 4)vesicle buds 5) mitochondria 6)chloroplasts

Question 5

Vesicular movement

Answer 5

Consists of buddy off ; migrating; fusion w/ golgi apparatus

Question 6

A. Plasma membrane in Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 6

The cells outer membrane made up of a two layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins. It separates the contents of the cell from its outside environment and it regulates what enters and exits the cell.

Question 7

Functions of Plasma membrane in Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 7

A. Envelops cytoplasm B. Selectively permeable barrier C. Transport D. Signal transduction

Question 8

How does Plasma membrane Transport

Answer 8

Has passive(energy) active(req. energy) and carriers/Channels which transport proteins

Question 9

Exocytosis

Answer 9

Exo- Out Cytosis - Cell The process in which the cell releases materials to the outside by discharging them as membrane-bounded vesicles passing through the cell membrane.

Question 10

Endocytosis

Answer 10

Endo - In Cytosis Cell A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane.

Question 11

Pinocytosis

Answer 11

A process of taking in fluid together with its contents into the cell by forming narrow channels through its membrane that pinch off into vesicles; and fuse with lysosomes that hydrolyze or break down contents

Question 12

Phagocytosis

Answer 12

The process of engulfing and ingestion of particles by the cell or a phagocyte (e.g. macrophage) to form a phagosome (or food vacuole); which in turn fuse with lysosome and become phagolysosome where the engulfed material is eventually digested or degraded and either released extracellularly via exocytosis; or released intracellularly to undergo further processing.

Question 13

B. Cell walls in Eukaryotic

Answer 13

Some have cell was which are carbohydrate based found in Fungi/Plants/ Algae - provides protection + Strength

Question 14

C. Internal protein structures

Answer 14

1. Cilia and flagella 2. Cytoskeleton 3. Ribosomes

Question 15

1. Cilia and flagella in Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 15

An internal protein structure which is surrounded by cell membrane and has a subway system and has a wave like movement to move.

Question 16

2. Cytoskeleton in Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 16

The lattice or internal framework of a cell composed of protein filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm and has a role in controlling cell shape maintaining intracellular organization and in cell movement.

Question 17

D. Membrane-bound organelles

Answer 17

1. Nucleus 2. Mitochondria 3. Chloroplast (plants and algae only) 4. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 5. Golgi Apparatus 6. Lysosomes

Question 18

1. Nucleus

Answer 18

DNA is enclosed by a double bilipid layer; DNA is not circler but in long linear lines and more than one- DNA is coiled more live complex packetting

Question 19

Chromatin

Answer 19

A complex of nucleic acids (e.g. DNA or RNA) and proteins (histones); which condenses to form a chromosome during cell division. In eukaryotic cells; it is found within the cell nucleus whereas in prokaryotic cells; it is found within the nucleoid. Its functions are to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell; strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis; and to serve as a mechanism to control expression.

Question 20

DNA

Answer 20

A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth; division; and function.

Question 21

Histones

Answer 21

proteins that dank tightly coils around to form chromosomes.

Question 22

Nucleolus

Answer 22

The round granular structure within the nucleus of a cell; and composed of protein and RNA. Nucleolus is involved with ribosomal RNA synthesis and formation of ribosomes in eukaryotes.

Question 23

2. Mitochondria

Answer 23

Spherical or rod-shaped organelles found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; and are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell since they act as the site for the production of high-energy compounds (e.g. ATP). Has 70S ribosomes

Question 24

Age: Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes

Answer 24

Prokaryotes:3.5 billion yrs. ago VS Eukaryotes 2.2 Billion yrs. ago

Question 25

Size Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes

Answer 25

Prokaryotes .3-2um VS Eukaryotes 5-50um

Question 26

Nucleus Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes

Answer 26

Prokaryotes: Absent VS Eukaryotes: Present

Question 27

Cell wall Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes

Answer 27

Prokaryotes: Peptidoglycan VS Eukaryotes: Cellulose or chitin or none

Question 28

Chromosome Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes

Answer 28

Prokaryotes: Single circular DNA molecule VS Eukaryotes: linear Chromosomes

Question 29

Chromosome location Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes

Answer 29

Prokaryotes: Nucleoid (not membrane bound) VS Eukaryotes: Membrane-bound nucleus

Question 30

Flagella Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes

Answer 30

Prokaryotes: Composed of flagellin rotational movement VS Eukaryotes: Composed of microtubules whip-like movement

Question 31

Ribosomes Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes

Answer 31

Prokaryotes: 70S(made from 50S+30S subunits) VS Eukaryotes 80S (made from 60S+40S) Though mitochondria and chloroplast have 70S ribosomes