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MCAT BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES > CHAPTER 10 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

self disclosure

A

sharing one’s fears, thoughts and goals

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2
Q

Reciprocal liking

A

people like others better when they believe the other person likes them

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3
Q

proximity

A

physically close to someone

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4
Q

mere exposure effect

A

familiarity effect

people who prefer stimuli that they have been exposed to more frequently

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5
Q

Aggresopm

A

behavior that intends to cause harm or increase social dominance

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6
Q

Higher testosterone affect on aggresion

A

increased

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7
Q

cognitive neoassociaation model

A

states that we are more liekly to respond to others aggressively when we are feeling negative emotions

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8
Q

Attachment

A

emootional bond between the caregiver and child

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9
Q

Secure attachment

A

child has a consistent caregiver and is able to go out and explore, since he has a secure base to return to

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10
Q

avoidant attachemnt

A

caregiver has little to no repsonse to a distressed child

little or no distress when caregiver leaves

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11
Q

Ambivalent attachment

A

cargiver has an inconsistant response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectfully

child is unable to form a secure base as she cannot rely on the givers response

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12
Q

Disorganized attachment

A

shoe no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregivers abense or presence, but instead can show a mix of different behavior

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13
Q

Social support

A

is the perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network

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14
Q

Emotional support

A

listening, addirming, and empathizing with someones feelings

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15
Q

Esteem support

A

touches more directly on affirming the qualities and skills of a person

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16
Q

Material support

A

type of financial or material contribution to another person

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17
Q

Infromational support

A

providing information that will help someone

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18
Q

Network support

A

type of social support that gives a person a sense of belonging

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19
Q

foraging

A

seeking out and eating food , biological, psychological, and social influences

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20
Q

Hunger is controlled by the

A

hypothalamus

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21
Q

Mating system

A

organization of a group’s sexual behavior

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22
Q

Monogamy

A

exclusive mating relationship

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23
Q

polygamy

A

involves a relationships with multiple people

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24
Q

Polygandry

A

female having exclusive relationships with multiple males

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25
Polygyny
exlusive relationships with mutiple females
26
Mate choice
selection of a mate based on attraction
27
Mate bias
refers to how choosy memebers of the species are while choosing a mate
28
Direct benefits mate bias
providing material advantages, protection, or emotional support advantages to the mate
29
Indirect benefits mate bias
advantages to offspring promoting better survival in offspring
30
Phenotypic benefits
obserbale traits that make a potential mate more attractive to the opposite sex
31
Sensory bias
development of a trait to match a preexisting preference that exists in the population
32
Fisherian or runaway selection
a positive feedback mechanism in which a particular trait that has no effect or negative effect on survival becomes more and more exaggerated over time
33
Indicator traits
traits that signify overall good health and well being of an organism, increasing its attractiveness to mates
34
Indicator traits
traits that signify overall good health and well-being of an organism, increasing its attractiveness to mates
35
Genetic compatibility
the creation of mate pairs that, when combined, have complementary genetics
36
Altruism
form of helping behaviour in which the person's intent is to benefit someone else at some cost
37
Empathy
ability to vicariously experience the emotion of another
38
empthay-altruism hypothesis
relationship between empthay and helping behavior
39
Game theory
attempts to explain decision-making behavior game payoffs refer to fitness
40
Game theory: the donor provides benefits to the recipient at a cost to him - or herself
altruism
41
Game theory: both the donor and recipient benefit by cooperating
cooperation
42
both the donor and recipient are negatively impacted
spite
43
the donor benefits while the recipient is negatively impacted
selfishness
44
inclusive fitness
the measure of an organism's success in the population success in supporting offspring, and the ability of the offspring to then support others
45
Social perception
provides the tools to make judgements and impressions regarding other people
46
three primary components of social perception
the perceiver, the target, and the situation
47
Impression bias
impression bias refers to a limitation of human information processing in which people
48
primacy effect
idea that first impressions are often more important than subsequent impressions
49
recency effect
most recent inofrmation we have on an person is most important
50
reliance on central traits
individuals tend to organize the perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics of the target that are most relevant to the perceiver
51
implicit personality theory
set of assumptions people make about how different types of people, their traits, and their behavior are related
52
stereotyping
making assumptions about people based on the category in which they are placed
53
Halo effect
cognitive bias in which judgments about a specific aspect of an individual can be affected by one's overall impression of the individual
54
just-world hypothesis
good things happen to good people, and bad things happen to bad people
55
self serving bias
refers to the fact that individuals will view their own success based on internal failures and viewing failures based on external factors
56
self-enhancement
focuses on the need to maintain self-worth and can be done through internal attribution of success and external attributions of failures
57
attribution theory
focuses on the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other peoples behavior
58
Disposition attributions
INTERNAL are those that relate to the person whose behavior is being considered
59
Situational attributions
EXTERNAL are those that relate to features of the surrounding, such as threats, money, social norms, and peer pressure
60
Consistency cues
has consistent behaviour over time
61
Consensus cues
matches other's behaviour
62
Distinctiveness cues
uses similar behaviour in similar situations
63
correspondent inference theory
takes this concepts one step further by focusing on the intentionality of others behavior
64
Fundamental attribution error
posists that we are generally biased towards making dispositional attributions rather than situational attribtions especially in negative contexts assuming someone didn't do something because they are lazy (dispositional attribtiion) rather than sickness (situational attribution)
65
Actor-observer bias
results from the self-serving bias by the actor and the fundamental attribution error by the observer due to our unique knowledge about our own actions, we are more likely to make situational attribution for the self as compared to others
66
attribute substitution
occurs when individuals must make judgments that are complex but instead they substitute a simpler solution or apply a heuristic
67
Stereotypes
cognitive
68
Prejudice
affective
69
discrimination
behavioural
70
stereotype content model
attempts to classify stereotypes with respect to a hypothetical in group using two dimensions: warmth and competence
71
Paternalistic stereotype
low status, not competitive
72
Admiration stereotype
high status, not competitive
73
Contemptuous stereotype
low status, competitive
74
Envious stereotype
high status, competitive
75
Self-fulfilling prophecy
unique phenomenon in which a prediction or expectation comes true simply because the person believes it will and they (consciously or subconsciously) align their actions to make it come true.
76
Stereotype threat
concern or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype about one's social group
77
Propaganda
the common way by which a large organization and political groups attempt to create prejudices in others
78
power
refers to the ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite any obstancles
79
prestige
level of respect show to a person by others
80
class
refers to socioeconomic status
81
Ethnocentrism
refers to the practive of making judgements about others cultures based on the values and beliefs of one's own culture
82
in group
a social group that a person identifies with
83
outgroup
refers to a social group that a person does not identify with
84
cultural relativism
the perception of another culture as different from one's own but with the recognition that the cultural value and rules fit into that culture itself
85
Individual discrimination
one person's discrimination against a person or group
86
institutional discrimination
entire institution discrimination against a person or group
87
game theory study
deicison-making behavior

MCAT BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES (10 decks)

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