CHAPTER 11

Question 1

sociology

Answer 1

study of society

Question 2

macrosociology

Answer 2

focuses on large groups and social structure

Question 3

microsociology

Answer 3

focuses on small groups and the individual

Question 4

social structure

Answer 4

system of people within a society organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

study of the structure and function of each part of society

Question 6

function

Answer 6

beneficial consequences of peoples actions

Question 7

dysfunction

Answer 7

harmful consequences of people’s actions as they undermine a social system equilibrium

Question 8

manifest function

Answer 8

action is intended to help some part of a system

Question 9

latent functions

Answer 9

manifest functions that have unintended positive consequences on other parts of society

Question 10

Conflict theory

Answer 10

based on the works of karl marx

focuses on how power differentials are created and how these differentials contribute to the maintenance of social order

Question 11

symbolic interactionism

Answer 11

study of the ways individuals interact thorugh a shared understanding of words, gestures, and other symbols

Question 12

social constructionism

Answer 12

focuses on individuals putting together their social reality

Question 13

Rational choice theory

Answer 13

focuses on decision making in an individual and attempts to reduce their process to a careful consideration of benefits and harms to the individual

Question 14

Exchange theory

Answer 14

a sociological theory that focuses on interpersonal interactions. According to Exchange theory, a person is motivated by self-interest in their interpersonal interactions

Question 15

Feminist theory

Answer 15

attempts to explain the social inequilities that exist on the basis of gender

focuses on the subordination of women through social structures

Question 16

gender roles

Answer 16

refer to the behaviors expected of a given gender

Question 17

glass ceiling

Answer 17

qualified person whishing to advance within the hierarchy of his/her organization is stopped at a lower level due to a discrimination most often based on sexism or racism

Question 18

social institutions

Answer 18

well established social structure that dictate certain patterns of behavior or raltaionship

Question 19

divorce rates in US

Answer 19

rose over second half of 20th century

Question 20

hidden curriculum

Answer 20

infromation from school that involves tramiting social normas, attitudes, and beliefs to students

Question 21

Religion

Answer 21

a pattern of social activities organized around a set of beliefs and practices

Question 22

Religiosity

Answer 22

how religious one considers oneself

Question 23

democracy

Answer 23

allows every citizen a political voice

Question 24

monarchies

Answer 24

royal ruler although the rulers power may be significantly limited

Question 25

dictatorship

Answer 25

a single person holds power

Question 26

theocracy

Answer 26

a system where power is held by religious leader

Question 27

charismatic authority

Answer 27

a leader with a compelling personality

Question 28

Capitalist

Answer 28

focus on free markey trade

Question 29

four key tenets of medical ethics

Answer 29

Beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, justice

Question 30

Beneficence

Answer 30

act in patients best intrest

Question 31

nonmaleficence

Answer 31

do no harm, the physician has a responsibility to avoid treatment in which harm outweighs benefit

Question 32

autonomy

Answer 32

respect patients decision and choices

Question 33

justice

Answer 33

treat every patient the same

Question 34

material culture

Answer 34

meaning of objects in society

Question 35

symbolic culture

Answer 35

ideas that represent a group of people

Question 36

culture lag

Answer 36

symoblic culture slower than material culture

Question 37

values

Answer 37

what a person deems important in life

Question 38

belief

Answer 38

something a person accepts to be truth

Question 39

cultural barriers

Answer 39

when a cultual difference impedes interaction with others

Question 40

norms

Answer 40

are societal rules that define the boundarier of acceptable behavior

Question 41

ritual

Answer 41

formized ceremony that usally invovles specific material objects, symbolism, and additional mandates on acceptable behavior

Question 42

Demographics

Answer 42

refers to the statistics of populations and are the mathematical applications of sociology

Question 43

Ageism

Answer 43

prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a person's age

Question 44

Racialization

Answer 44

refers to the defination or estabilist of a group as a particular race

Question 45

Racial formation theory

Answer 45

race is a socially constructed concept with no basis in actual genetic or biological differences

Question 46

Ethnicity

Answer 46

social construct which sorts people by cultural factors

Question 47

Symbolic ethnicity

Answer 47

a specific connection to one's ethnicity in which ethnic symbols and identity remain important even when an ethnic identity does not play a signific role in everyday life

Question 48

Sexual Orientation

Answer 48

defined as the direction of one's secual interest

Question 49

demographic shifts

Answer 49

changes in makeup of a population over time

Question 50

population pyramids

Answer 50

histogram of populatiton size for different ages

Question 51

Fertility rate

Answer 51

average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime in a population

Question 52

Mortality rates

Answer 52

dealths per 1000 people per year

Question 53

Migration rate

Answer 53

immigration rate - emmegration rate

Question 54

birth rate

Answer 54

children per 1000 people per year

Question 55

immigraiton

Answer 55

movement to new geo space

Question 56

emigration

Answer 56

movement away from geo space

Question 57

Demographic tranition

Answer 57

changes in birth and death rates as it develops to the industrial economic system

Question 58

Malthusian theory

Answer 58

how exponential growth of a population can outpace growth of food supply and lead to social degradation and disorder

Question 59

Social movements

Answer 59

organized either to promote or resist social change

Question 60

proactive Social movements

Answer 60

promote

Question 61

reactive Social movements

Answer 61

resist

Question 62

Globalization

Answer 62

process of integrating the global economy with free trade and the tapping of foreign markets

Question 63

Urbanization

Answer 63

dense areas of the population, creating a pull for migration