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MCAT BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES > CHAPTER 6 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Self concept

A

the sum of the ways in which we describe outselves

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2
Q

Identities

A

individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong ie religion, sexual orientation

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3
Q

Gender identity

A

a person’s appraisal of him or herself on scales of masculinity and femininity

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4
Q

Androgyny

A

very male and female

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5
Q

Undifferentiated

A

not male or female

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6
Q

Ethnic idenitity

A

one’s ethnic group in which memebers typically share a common ancestry, cultural heritage and langyage

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7
Q

Hierarchy of salience

A

a framework or organization of an individual’s identities in order of how frequently they are used and how likely they are to be used in a particular situation

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8
Q

Self-discrepancy theory

A

the theory that we have 3 selves: actual, ideal, ought

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9
Q

actual self

A

the person we are

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10
Q

ideal self

A

person we would like to be

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11
Q

ought self

A

representation of the way others think we should be

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12
Q

Self esteem

A

decribes our evaluation of ourselves, closer our selfs are together, higher self esteem

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13
Q

self-efficacy

A

our belief in our ability to succeed

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14
Q

overconfidence

A

the quality of having an unrealistically high opinion of one’s own judgment, ability, powers

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15
Q

locus of control

A

the way we characterize the influences in our lives

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16
Q

internal locus of control

A

controlling own fate

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17
Q

external locus of control

A

lives are caused by luck and outside influences

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18
Q

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development

A

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

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19
Q

Freud’s Oral stage

A

Libidinal energy centered on the mouth; fixation can lead to excessive dependency

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20
Q

Freud’s Anal stage

A

Toilet training occurs during this time; fixation can lead to excessive orderliness or messiness

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21
Q

Freud’s Phallic stage

A

Oedipal or Electra conflict is resolved during this stage

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22
Q

Freud’s Latency stage

A

libido is largely sublimated during this stage

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23
Q

Freud’s Genital stage

A

begins in puberty; if previous stages have been successfully resolved then person will enter into normal heterosexual relationships

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24
Q

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development are based on the

A

tensions cause by the libido

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25
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development stem from
conflicts that occur throughout life
26
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development (8)
``` Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust. Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt. Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority. Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion. Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation. Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation. Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair ```
27
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - the values gained at each stage (8)
``` hope will purpose competence fidelity love care wisdom. ```
28
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - ages (8)
``` stage 1 0-1 stage 2 1-3 stage 3 3-6 stage 4 7-12 stage 5 12-20 stage 6 20-40 stage 7 40-65 stage 8 65+ ```
29
Preconvential morality
first of Kohlberg stages is typical of preadolescent htinking and places an emphasis on the consequences of the moral choice wants to maximize reward and decrease punishment
30
Preconvential morality stages
obedience | Self intrest
31
Convential morality
follows the law and will snitch you out if you break the law; teens and most adults
32
Convential morality stages
conformitity | law and order
33
Postconvential morality
makes their own morals and does what is right to benefit the most people. Only a select few adults are here ADULTHOOD
34
Postconvential morality stages
social contract | universal human ethics
35
Vygotsky work
focused on understnading cognitive development
36
Zone of proximal development
Vygotsky | refering to those skills and abilities that have not yet fully developed but are in the process of developmentr
37
role-taking
reproducing the behavior of another individual
38
theory of mind
ability to sense how another's mind works
39
looking-glass self
reaction to how others perceive us describes the process wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them
40
Reference group
the group in which we compare ourselves too
41
Personality
describes the set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors that are characterics of an infividual
42
Sigmund Freud study of personality
3 major entities: the id, ego, superego
43
id
consist of all the basic, primal and inborn urges to survive and reproduce according to the pleasure principle
44
pleasure principle
aim is to achieve immediate gratifaction to relieve any pent-up tension
45
Primary process (id)
is the ids response to frustration- obtain satisfacton now, not later
46
Wish fulfillmetn
mental imagery that fulfils this need for satisfaction
47
ego
operates according to the reality principle taking into accound objective reality as it guides or inhibits the activity of the id responable for moderating the desires of the superego
48
reality principle
which strives to satisfy the id's desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways
49
this is the part of you that wants stuff NOW
id
50
this is the perfect angel version of yourself
Super ego
51
everyday devsiion making you
ego
52
iceberg - id - ego - superego - conscious - unconscious
above water is conscious below water is unconscious - id is completely below - ego and superego are half and half
53
Freud states our access to the id, ego, and superego falls into 3 main categories
preconscious-not aware unconscious - repressed thoughts conscious - access thought
54
Repression
Unconciously removing an idea or feeling from conciousness
55
Suppression
Conciously removing an idea or feeling form conciousness
56
Regression
Returning to an earlier stage of development
57
Reaction formation
An unacceptable impulse is transformed into its opposite
58
Projection
Attribution of wishes, desires, thoughts, or emotions to someone else
59
Rationalization
Justifacation of attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors
60
Displacement
changing the target of an emotion while the feelings remain the same
61
Sublimation
Channeling of an unacceptable impulse in a socially acceptable direction
62
Jung
assumed a collective unconcious that links all humans together personalitity as being influence by archetypes
63
archetypes
images and themes that derive from the collective unconscious
64
Jungian- Persona
the aspect of our personility we present to the world
65
Jungian- Anima
a "man's inner woman"
66
Jungian- Animus
a "woman's inner man"
67
Jungian- Shadow
unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions in our consciousness
68
Jungs 3 dichotomies of personality
Extraversion vs introversion, Sensing vs intuiting, Thinking vs feeling
69
Myers-Briggs Type Inventory
classic personaility test
70
Creative self
force by which each individual shapes his uniqueness and establishes his personaility
71
Style of life
represents the manifestation of he creative self
72
Humanistic theory
people are intrinsically good, with an innate drive to make themselves better
73
5 Traits of personality
Openess, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN)
74
actualizing tendency
innate drive to maintain and enhance oneself
75
Type theory
attempt to create a taxonomy of personaliity types
76
Social Cognitive Theory
theory of behaviour change that emphasizes interactions between people and their environment
77
Eysenck's three major traits
PEN pyscoticism extraversion neuroticsm
78
neuroticism
arousal in stressful situations
79
extraversion
tolerance fro social interactions and stimulation
80
psychoticism
nonconformity
81
Allport identified three basic types of traits
cardinal, central, secondary
82
cardinal traits
traits around which a person organizes his or her life
83
central traits
represents major characteristics of the personality
84
secondary traits
more personal characteristics and are limited in occurrence

MCAT BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES (10 decks)

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