CHAPTER 5 Flashcards
(57 cards)
Motivation
purpose or driving force behind our actions
Extrinsic motivation
reward-driven behaviour
Intrinsic motivation
the motivation that comes from within oneself
Instinct theory of motivation
people are driven to do certain behaviors based on evolutionary programmed instincts
by William McDougall
What parts of the brain does arousal involve?
brainstem, ANS, endocrine system
Arousal theory
people perform actions in order to amintain an optimal level of arousal
Yerkes-Dodson law
a U shaped function between the level of arousal and performance
Drives
internal states of tension that activate particular behaviors focused on goals
Primary drives
include the need for food, water, warmth, motivate us to sustain bodily processes in homeostasis
Homeostasis
regulation of the internal enviroment to maintain an optimal, stable set of conditions.
What controls homeostasis
negative feedback loops
Secondary drives
not related to biological processes
ie becoming a doctor
Drive reduction theory
motivation is based on the goal of eliminating uncomfortable states
Needs
motivators that influence human behavior
Maslow;s heirachy of needs
must meet the needs of lower levels in order to be motivated for higher needs
highest - self actualization - esteem - love/belongning - safety - physiological lowest
Self-determinination thoery
role of three universal needs
- autonomy, the need to be in control of onces actions and ideas;
- competence, the need to complete and excel at different tasks
- relatedness, the need to fell accepted and wanted in relationships
four primary factors that influence motivation
arousal, drives, needs, instincts
Incentive theory
behavior is motivated not by need or arousal, but the desire to pursue rewards and to avoid punishments
Expectancy value theory
the amount of motivation needed to reach a goal is the result of both the infivuals expectations of success in reaching the goal and the degree to which he or she values succeeding at the goal
opponent- process theory
for motivation is often used when speaking of addictive behaviors. Certain emotional states are followed by another emotional state that is opposite of the first. As time goes on, the second emotional state becomes stronger than the first.
explains when a drug is taken repeatly, the body will attempt to counteract the effects of the drug by changing its physology
opponent- process theory common example
drugs and withdrawal symptoms and tolerance
tolerance
decrease in perceiveed drug effect over time
Sexual motivation
related to hormones as well as cultural and social factors
Emotion
state of mind or feeling that is subjectively experience based on circumstances, mood, and relationships
