chapter 10 Flashcards
1
Q
detected by sensory organs that exist as individual cells or receptor units
A
general senses
2
Q
widely distributed throughout the body
A
general senses
3
Q
detected by large and complex organs, or localized grouping of sensory receptors
A
special senses
4
Q
sensory receptor types
A
capsulated / unencapsulated
type of stimuli (mode)
5
Q
free or naked
A
unencapsulated
6
Q
presence of covering capsule
A
encapsulated
7
Q
type of stimuli or mode required to activate receptors
A
photoreceptor
chemoreceptors
pain receptors
thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
8
Q
all sense organs have common functional characteristics
A
detect stimuli
generation of nerve impulse
9
Q
mode in general senses
A
stimulus or change a receptor/sense is able to detect
10
Q
examples of general sensory receptors
A
free nerve ending, muscle spindle, organ, corpuscle
11
Q
pain, discrimintive touch, tickle, temperature
A
free nerve ending
12
Q
touch and possibly cold
A
bulboid corpuscle (krause end bulb)
13
Q
pressure and high frequency vibration
A
lamellar corpuscle (pacini)
14
Q
fine touch & low frequency vibration
A
tactile corpuscle (meissner)
15
Q
touch and pressure
A
bulbous corpuscle (ruffini)
16
Q
proprioception (muscle tension)
A
tendon organ (golgi tendon)
17
Q
propriorception (muscle length)
A
muscle spindle
18
Q
________ sense organs are also found in deep organs of the body
A
general sense organs
19
Q
layers of eyeball
A
fibrous layer (outer)
vascular layer
inner layer
20
Q
outer fibrous layer of eyeball contains
A
sclera
cornea
conjunctiva
lacrimal gland
21
Q
tough outer coat of eyeball
A
fibrous layer
22
Q
white of eye
A
sclera
23
Q
transparent part over iris
A
cornea
24
Q
mucous membrane that covers front of fibrous layer and extends to eyelids
A
conjunctiva
25
secretes tears that moisten conjunctiva
lacrimal gland
26
layer of eyeball that has dense network of blood vessels
vascular layer
27
vascular layer of eyeball contains
choroid
iris
lens
ciliary muscle
28
pigmented melanin rich layer prevents scattering of light
choroid
29
colored part of eye, contains pupil, construction/dilation of smooth muscle
iris
30
transparent body behind pupil, focuses or refracts light rays on retina
lens
31
front of vascular layer, edge of iris, contraction effects shape of lens, altering focus
ciliary muscle
32
inner layer of eyeball contains
retina
33
innermost sensory layer of eyeball
inner layer
34
contains various kinds of photoreceptors
retina
35
retina contains these photoreceptors
rods
cones
ganglion cells
36
receptors for night and peripheral vision
rods
37
receptors for day and color vision
cones
38
receptors for changing light patterns of days, months, seasons
ganglion cells
39
2 eye fluids called
aqueous humor
vitreous humor
40
anterior chamber in front of lens
aqueous humor
41
posterior chamber behind lens
vitreous humor
42
The innermost coat of the eyeball is the:
retina
43
Specialized receptors found near the point of junction between tendons and muscles are called:
proprioceptors
44
The ability to distinguish one touch stimulus from two is called:
two-point discrimination
45
Cones are densely concentrated in the:
fovea centralis
46
The substance that fills the chamber of the anterior cavity of the eye is:
the aqueous humor.
47
This type of receptor is found only in the eye
Photoreceptor
48
The sense organs involved in the sense of balance are found in the vestibule and the:
semicircular canals.
49
The sense organs of taste are the:
taste buds
50
The following are the original primary taste sensations except:
metallic
51
The sense organs are classified as:
general and special
52
As people grow older, they tend to become farsighted. This condition is called:
presbyopia
53
The ear is divided into three anatomical parts.
External ear, middle ear, inner ear
54
The tiny bones found in the middle ear are the:
ossicles
55
Gustatory cells are found in the:
mouth
56
Olfactory receptors are responsible for the sense of:
smell
57
visual pathways
brightness
color
focus
rods & cones
blind spot
visual interpretation
58
vision detects :
brightness
color
images
motion
59
vision detects intensity and wave length of light
brightness & color
60
light must be refracted by the eye to form a detectable image
focused
61
innermost layer of retina contains
rods and cones
62
impulse travels from _____ & _____ through the bipolar and ganglionic layers of retina
rods and cones
63
nerve impulse leave the eye through optic nerve: the point of exit is free of receptors called
blind spot
64
visual interpretation occurs in the
visual cortex of occipital bone of cerebrum
65
the ear is responsible for
hearing and equilibrium
66
the ear functions in hearing and in equilibrium using receptors called
mechanoreceptors
67
the ear contains
external, middle, inner
68
external ear contains
auricle pinna
external acoustic canal
69
external acoustic canal in the external ear contains
1 inch length
ceruminous glands
ends at tympanic membrane
70
middle ear contains
ossicles
ends in oval window
eustachian tube connects middle ear to throat
71
ear ossicles
malleus
incus
stapes
72
auditory tube is also called
eustachian tube
73
inflammation of the middle ear
otitis media
74
inner ear contains
bony labryinth filled with perilymph
subdivided into vestibule, semicircular canals,
cochlea
membranous labyrinth filled with endolymph
75
hearing detects hearing detects changes in intensity (loudness) & frequency (tone) sound waves which are _________
pressure waves
76
sound waves are funneled by auricle into external acoustic canal and vibrate the ______
tympanic membrane
77
vibration of tympanic membrane are amplified by auditory ossicles and transmitted to the _______
oval window
78
vibrations of oval window trigger vibrations of _______ & ______
perilymph
endolymph
79
sensory hair cells on the spiral organ
organ of corgi
80
sensory hair cells on organ of corti respond when bent by movement of surrounding endolymph set in motion by sound waves, become damaged by ______
chronic exposure to loud noise
81
two types of equilibrium
static & dynamic
82
sense of gravity is
static equilibrium
83
ciliated hair cells in static equilibrium
mechanoreceptors
84
ciliares hair (mechanoreceptors) in 2 maculae in the
vestibule
85
when the head tilts, gravity pulls gel of each maculae bending sensory cilia and producing a
nerve signal
86
sense of speed and direction of movement
dynamic equilibrium
87
flap like capula
crista ampullaris
88
dynamic equilibrium is detected by
cilia hair cells of crista ampullaris in ampulla of each semicircular canal
89
speed or direction of the head changes, flow of endolymph is semicircular canals is altered, causing change in in sensory cilia producing
nerve signal
90
vestibular nerve carries nerve impulses form equilibrium of vestibules, joins with cochlear nerve form the
vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)
91
sense of taste is called
gustation
92
taste receptors are chemoreceptors called
gustatory cells
93
gustatory cells located in
taste buds
94
cranial nerves carry gustatory impulses
VII facial
IX glossopharyngeal
95
primary taste modes
sweet
sour
bitter
salty
96
detects sugars
sweet
97
detects acids
sour
98
detects alkaline solutions
bitter
99
detects sodium ions
salty
100
2 extra primary modes
metallic - detects metal ions
umami - detects glutamine amino acid
101
olfactory receptors in ____ of nasal cavity are sensitive but easily adapt (become fatigued)
olfactory mucosa
102
olfactory mucosa become easily
fatigued
103
odor causing chemicals initiate a never impulse that is carried on _______ cranial nerve I and interpreted as specific odor in the brain
I olfactory
104
olfaction has a strong relationship with ____ and _____ through límbico system
emotions and memory
105
emotions and memory
limbic system
106
all senses are processed and received in the
brain
107
flavor is formed by
gustatory and olfactory senses
108
gustatory and olfactory senses can be effected by
touch
pain
temperature
109
dulls flavor snensations
nasal congestion
110
our senses may decline as we
age
111
some sensory info is processed
subconsciously
112
both senses of equilibrium with vision and proprioception
posture and balance
113
a nerve impulse is a sensation in
CNS
