chapter 9 Flashcards
1
Q
name of nervous system division that includes nerves
A
PNS
2
Q
name of the nervous system division that includes brain and spinal cord
A
CNS
3
Q
a group of peripheral axons bundled together in an epineurium is called
A
nerves
4
Q
2 cells found in the nervous system are
A
neurons
glia
5
Q
the knee jerk is a type of neural pathway called
A
reflex arc
6
Q
a self propagating wave of electrical disturbances that travels along the surface of neurons plasma membrane
A
nerve impulse
7
Q
the exterior of a resting neuron has a slight ______ charge, the interior has a slight _____ charge.
A
positive exterior
negative interior
8
Q
during a nerve impulse, ______ is the ion that rushes into the neuron
A
sodium
9
Q
the ______ is the place where impulses are passed from one neuron to another
A
synapse
10
Q
acetylcholine and dopamine are examples of
A
neurotransmitters
11
Q
_______ are chemicals used to by neurons to communicate
A
neurotransmitters
12
Q
3 membranes that make up meninges
A
dura
arachnoid
pia
13
Q
there are _____ pairs of cranial nerves
A
12 pairs
14
Q
there are ______ pairs of nerves from spinal cord
A
31 pairs
15
Q
_____are skin surface areas supplied by a single spinal nerve
A
dermatomes
16
Q
______ is part of the autonomic nervous system that regulates effectors during non stress conditions
A
parasympathetic
17
Q
_______ is the part of the autonomic nervous system that regulates the fight or flight
A
sympathetic
18
Q
the preganglionic axons of the sympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter ________. the post ganglionic axons release ______.
A
acetylcholine
norepinephrine
19
Q
the preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter ______. the post ganglionic axons release ______ .
A
acetylcholine
acetylcholine
20
Q
the autonomic system consists of neurons that conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the _______ muscle tissues.
A
cardiac
smooth
glandular
21
Q
highly branched part of neuron that carrie’s impulses toward cell body
A
dendrite
22
Q
a single projection that carrie’s nerve impulses away from cell body
A
axon
23
Q
white fatty substance
A
myelin
24
Q
cells that make myelin for axons outside of CNS
A
schwann cells
25
glia cells that help blood brain barrier
astrocytes
26
cells that act as microbe eating in CNS
microglia
27
cells that make myelin for axons in CNS
oligodendrocyte
28
part of brain stem that contains cardiac, respiratory, and vasometer centers
medulla oblongata
29
part of brain stem influences respiration
pons
30
part of brain stem that contains relays for visual and auditory impulses
midbrain
31
regulates body temp, water balance, sleep wake cycles, appetite, and sexual arousal
hypothalamus
32
sensory relay station from various body areas to the cerebral cortex : emotions, alerting, arousal
thalamus
33
regulates muscle coordination, equilibrium, posture
cerebellum
34
sensory perception, willed movements, consciousness, and memory
cerebrum
35
carries messages to and from brain to rest of body & mediates reflexes
spinal cord
36
nerve cells
neurons
37
glia
supporting cells
38
stimulus > receptor > interneuron > CNS
afferent neuron
39
CNS > effector > response
efferent neuron
40
central neuroglia
microglia
astrocytes
oligodendrocyte
41
microglia (central neuroglia)
phagocytosis
42
astrocytes (central neuroglia )
makes BBB
43
oligodendrocyte (central neuroglia)
makes myelin sheath in CNS
44
_____ bundle of nerves in CNS
tract
45
_____ in PNS
nerves
46
periphreal neuroglia
node of ranvier
neurilemma
schwann cells
47
schwann cells (peripheral neuroglia)
myelin sheath
growth factor for axon
48
ear is the ______ organ
sense organ
49
brain and spinal cord is part of the ______ nervous system
central nervous system
50
nerves that extend to the outlying parts of the body
peripheral nervous system
51
subdivision of peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
52
branching projection of neurons
dendrites
53
forms myelin outside of central nervous system (in PNS)
schwann cell
54
also known as efferent
motor neuron
55
gaps between adjacent schwann cells
nodes of ranvier
56
groups of wrapped axons
fascicles
57
tough sheath that covers the whole nerve
epineurium
58
simplest kind of reflect arc
two neuron arc
59
three neuron arcs consist of 3 kinds of neurons
sensory
interneuron
motor
60
impulse conduction in a reflex arc normally starts in
receptors
61
a _____ is the gap that serves as a junction where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another neuron
synapse
62
a _____ is the response to impulse conduction over reflex arcs
reflex
63
contraction of a muscle that causes it to pull away from an irritating stimulus is known as the _____
withdrawal reflex
64
a ______ is a group of nerve cell bodies in PNS
ganglion
65
all _____ lie entirely within gray matter of the cns
interneurons
66
in a patellar reflex , the nerve impulses that reach the quadriceps muscles (the effector) results in the classic _____ response
knee jerk
67
_____ is composed of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons and dendrites
gray matter
68
_____ do not continually race along every nerve cells surface
nerve impulses
69
when a ______ acts on a neuron, it increases the permeability of the stimulated point of its membrane to sodium ions
stimulus
70
an inward of positive ions leaves ______ of negative ions outside
excess
71
the plasma membrane of the _____ neuron makes up a portion of the synapse
postsynaptic
72
a synaptic knob is a tiny bulge at the end of the _______ neurons axon
presynaptic
73
acetylcholine is an example of
neurotransmitter
74
________ are chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with one another
neurotransmitters
75
neurotransmitters are distributed _____ into groups of neurons
specifically
76
catecholamines may play a role in ______ production
sleep
77
endorphins and enkephalins are neurotransmitters that inhibit conduction of ______ impulses
pain
78
what is part of the brain stem
midbrain
pons
medulla
79
function of brain stem
sensory impulses
motor impulses
heart beat, respiration, blood vessel diameter
80
parts of diencephalon
thalamus
hypothalamus
pineal gland
81
ADH is produced by the
hypothalamus
82
function of hypothalamus
control heart beat
constrict / dilation of blood vessels
contract stomach and intestines
release hormones
83
parts of brain that help with sensation and emotion and arousal and alertness
thalamus
84
ridges
gyri
85
grooves
sulci
86
deepest sulci separates lobes of brain
fissures
87
functions of cerebrum
movement
consciousness
memory
sensations
88
area of cerebrum responsible for perception of sound in _____ lobe
temporal
89
visual perception is located in the _______ lobe
occipital
90
function of cerebellum
equilibrium
movements
posture
91
interior of cerebrum are few islands of grey matter known as
basal ganglia
92
parkinson's disease is a disease of the
cerebral basal nuclei
93
spinal cord is approximately _____ inches long
17-18
94
spinal cord ends at the bottom of the
lumbar vertebra
95
bundles of myelinated nerve fibers _____, make up white outer columns of the spinal cord
spinal tracts
96
tracts are functional organizations in that all the axons that compose a tract serve ____ function
one
97
1 olfactory
smell
sensory
98
2 optic
vision
sensory
99
3 oculomotor
eye movement
motor
100
4 trochlear
eye movements
motor
101
5 trigeminal
face, scalp, teeth, chewing movements
sensory & motor
102
6 abducens
eye movements
motor
103
7 facial
sense of taste & contraction of expressions
sensory & motor
104
8 vestibulo cochlear
hearing & balance
sensory
105
9 glossopharyngeal
throat, taste, swallowing movements
sensory & motor
106
10 vagus
slowing heart beat, voice production, acceleration of peristalsis
sensory & motor
107
11 accessory
shoulder & head movements
motor
108
12 hypoglossal
tongue movements
motor
109
which cranial nerves have both sensory and motor
5 trigeminal
7 facial
9 glossopharyngeal
10 vagus
110
which cranial nerves control motor eye movements
3 oculomotor
4 trochlear
6 abducens
111
sensory cranial nerves
1 olfactory
2 optic
8 vestibulo cochlear
112
motor cranial nerves
3 oculomotor
4 trochlear
6 abducens
11 accessory
12 hypoglossal
113
spinal nerves contain
nerve plexus
114
motor neurons that make up ANS
autonomic neurons
115
tissues to which autonomic neurons conduct impulses
visceral effectors
116
somatic is ___
voluntary motor
117
dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the
gray matter of thoracic and upper lumbar
118
another name for parasympathetic nervous system
craniosacral
119
another name for sympathetic nervous system
thoracolumbar
120
sympathetic stimulation results in
response of numerous organs
121
parasympathetic stimulation frequently results in
response by only one organ
122
your _____ is determined by the combined sympathetic and parasympathetic
heart rate
123
meditation leads to ____ sympathetic activity
decrease
124
bundles of axons within CNS
tracts
125
transmits impulses toward cell body
dendrites
126
neurons that conduct impulses from ganglion
postganglionic
127
astrocytes are
neuroglia
128
pia mater is
meninge
129
nerve cells are
neurons
130
transmits impulses away from cell body
axons
131
peripheral beginning of a sensory neurons dendrite
receptors
132
two neuron arc
reflex arc
133
cluster of nerve cell bodies outside of cns
ganglion
134
one area of brain stem
medulla
135
fatty substance found around nerve fibers
myelin
136
where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another
synapse
137
outer cell membrane of schwann cell is called the
neurilemma
138
myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord is produced by
oligodendrocyte
139
myelin sheath in the nerves
schwann cells
140
simplest reflex arc
two neuron arc
141
a ganglion is a group of nerve cell bodies in the
PNS
142
each synaptic knob vesicle contains chemical compounds
neurotransmitter
143
myelin disorder
multiple sclerosis
144
cerebrum contains
corpus callosum
145
CVA is a
stroke
146
cerebrospinal fluid is in the
ventricles
147
cranial nerves contain
abducens
148
spinal nerves have ___ pairs
31 pairs
149
cranial nerves have ____ pairs
12
150
autonomic neurons are
visceral effectors
151
issues with dopamine are associated with
parkinson's disease
