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A&P 1 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

function of skeletal system

A

supports
protects
movement
storage of calcium & fat
hematopoiesis

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2
Q

calcium

A

hormones regulate calcium storage

CT increases storage

PTH reduces stores of calcium

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3
Q

PTH function

A

reduces stores of calcium

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4
Q

fat function

A

stored in cavities of bone

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5
Q

hematopoiesis

A

blood cell formation in red bone marrow

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6
Q

4 (5) major types of bones

A

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid (round)

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7
Q

example of long bone

A

humerus

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8
Q

example of short bone

A

carpals

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9
Q

example of flat bone

A

frontal

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10
Q

example of irregular bone

A

vertebrae

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11
Q

example of sesamoid bone

A

patella

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12
Q

structure of long bones

A

diaphysis or shaft
medullary cavity
epiphyses
articular cartilage
periosteum
endosteum

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13
Q

structure of flat bones

A

spongy bone between 2 compact bones

diploe

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14
Q

diploe

A

spongy bone layer of flat bone

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15
Q

diaphysis or shaft

A

hollow tube of hard compact bone

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16
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow area inside diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow

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17
Q

epiphyses (ends of bone)

A

spongy bone contains red bone marrow

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18
Q

articular layer

A

covers epiphyses

functions as a cushion

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19
Q

periosteum

A

strong membrane covering bone except articular cartilage & bone joints

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20
Q

endosteum

A

thin membrane lining medullary cavity

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21
Q

bone tissue structure

A

cancellous (spongy) bone
compact bone
cartilage

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22
Q

cancellous (spongy) bone

A

trabeculae
epiphyses
red bone marrow

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23
Q

trabeculae

A

needle like threads of bone

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24
Q

compact bone

A

osteon
calcified matrix of concentric lamella
osteocytes , lucunae , canaliculi

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25
concentric lamella
calcified matrix in layers or rings
26
osteocytes
bone cells inactive osteoblasts
27
chondrocytes
cartilage cells
28
lacunae
spaces containing osteocytes
29
canaliculi
tiny tubes
30
cartilage
chondrocytes gel matrix lacks blood vessels
31
making & remodeling of bone tissue
early bone development (before birth) osteoblasts osteoclasts remodeling
32
early bone development (before birth)
fibrous cartilage structures
33
osteoblasts
form new bone matrix with collagen and calcium
34
osteoclasts
calcium for reabsorption into blood
35
remodeling
making and dissolving bone matrix to adult bone shape
36
endochondrial ossification
cartilage replaced by calcium bones
37
intramembraneous ossification
fibrous membranes form plates fontanels are soft
38
axial skeleton (80)
skull hyoid vertebral column thorax
39
skull bones
cranium 8 face 14 ear 6 paranasal sinuses
40
paranasal sinuses are in :
frontal ethmoid sphenoid maxilla
41
vertebral column (spine)
vertebra 24 C7 T12 L5 S5 coccyx
42
vertebra are:
irregular bones body, spine, transverse process, vertebral foramen, articular processes
43
atlas and axis
first 2 cervical vertebrae form pivoting structure
44
spinal curvatures can:
support the body but can be abnormally exaggerated
45
thorax
ribs 24 sternum
46
appendicular skeleton
upper and lower extremities
47
upper extremity (64)
pectoral girdle (shoulder) : scapula 2 clavicle 2 humerus 2 radius 2 ulna 2 carpal 16 metacarpal 10 phalanges 28
48
lower extremity (62)
pelvic girdle (hip) coxal bone 2 femur 2 patella 2 tibia 2 fibula 2 tarsal 14 metatarsal 10 phalanges 28
49
arch structure of foot
provides dynamic support for entire skeleton
50
male and female difference in pelvis
male: larger deep & narrow female: shallow & broad inlet & angle: wider for baby
51
age difference in skeleton
enlarge and more ossified until 25 bones actively remodel in middle adult hood less dense bones during elderly years
52
environmental factors
nutrition effects : bone tissue mechanical stress, exercise, effects : bone remodeling
53
articulations
joint between two or more bones
54
kinds of joints
synarthrosis (no movement) amphiarthroses (slight movement) diarthroses (free movement)
55
synarthrosis (no movement)
fibrous connective tissue between articulating bones sutures of skull
56
amphiarthroses (slight movement)
cartilage connects articulating bones symphysis pubis
57
diarthroses (free movement)
most joints
58
structure of freely moveable joints
ligaments hood adjoining bones together for movement
59
articular cartilage
covers joint end
60
synovial membrane
lines joint capsule & secretes lubricating fluid
61
joint cavity
space between joint ends of bones
62
bursa
fluid filled pouch absorb shock
63
flexation
bending elbow
64
extension
straightening elbow
65
abduction
moving arm away from midline
66
adduction
moving arm to midline
67
rotation example
rotate head at neck point
68
circumduction
circulate arm
69
hinge joint example
elbow joint knee joint
70
pivot point
axis & atlas radius & ulna
71
saddle joint
thumb
72
condyloid joint
radius & carpal
73
ball and socket joint
hip and shoulder (shoulder more range of motion)
74
gliding joint
vertebra
75
Bone-forming cells are called:
osteoblasts
76
These bones form the framework of the hand.
metacarpals
77
_______ is among the structures that characterize freely movable joints except
tendons
78
The following are functions of bone
hematopoiesis storage protection support
79
A strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone except at joint surfaces is the:
periosteum
80
Spongy bone is characterized by:
open space partially filled by thin bony branches.
81
The main shaftlike portion of a long bone is the:
diaphysis
82
An age-related skeletal disease that is characterized by excessive loss of calcified matrix and collagenous fibers from bone is:
osteoporosis
83
Most bones of the body are formed from cartilage models in a process called:
endochondral ossification
84
The human skeleton system consists of two divisions. They are the:
axial and appendicular
85
This bone is the longest bone in the body.
femur
86
Synarthrotic joints are:
immovable
87
The shoulder joint is an example of a:
ball and socket
88
An example of a hinge joint is the:
elbow joint
89
The structure of the knee joint permits movements of:
flexion and extension

A&P 1 (6 decks)

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