chapter 10

Question 1

the process of improving the conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.

Answer 1

Development

Question 2

what are the three contributions of development

Answer 2

long and healthy life, aquire knowledgment, access to resources

Question 3

to determine the level of development of every country/ world’s societies (standard of living, healthy life, access to knowledge)

Answer 3

Human Development Index (HDI)-

Question 4

how is standard of living measured

Answer 4

gross national income (GNI) and purchasing power parity (PPP)

Question 5

the value of the output of goods and services in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country

Answer 5

Gross National Income (GNI)

Question 6

the valute of the output of goods and services in a country in a year (not including the money entering an leaving the country)

Answer 6

GPD (gross domestic product)

Question 7

measures average wealth, not its distribution among citizens

Answer 7

per capita GNI

Question 8

an adjustment made to the GNI to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods.

Answer 8

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)-

Question 9

GDP divided by the population

Answer 9

GPD per capita

Question 10

different sectors of jobs

Answer 10

primary (agriculture), secondary (manufacturing), tertiary ( retail and education)

Question 11

which countries are more productive

Answer 11

developed

Question 12

the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.

Answer 12

Productivity

Question 13

knoweldge components are measured by (4)

Answer 13

years of schooling for today’s adults (25 or older)
expected years of schooling for today’s youth
pupil-to-teacher ratio
literary rate

Question 14

what is the main health indicator

Answer 14

life expectancy at birth

Question 15

what is wealth used for in developed countries

Answer 15

goods and services (transportation, computers, phones, cars)

Question 16

Modifies the HDI to account for inequality within a country.

Answer 16

Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IAHDI)
if IAHDI is lower than HDI then the country is unequal

Question 17

in an increasingly unified world economy, developed countries form inner core area, whereas developing countries occupy peripheral locations

Answer 17

World-systems theory- (wallerstien)

Question 18

created by the UN, measures the gender gap in the level of achievement in three dimensions; reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market. (0 is equal 1 is unequal)

Answer 18

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

Question 19

how is gender inequality measured (3)

Answer 19

amount of women in labor force, reprodutive rights, empowerment

Question 20

how is empowermen measured

Answer 20

women in national legisture and women completed high school

Question 21

what is the country where GII increased

Answer 21

US

Question 22

gender inequality ______ with more development

Answer 22

increases

Question 23

created by the UN, measures the gender gap in the level of achievements for the three dimension of the Human Development Index; income educations, and life expectancy

Answer 23

Gender Development Index (GDI)-

Question 24

two obsitcals in encourarging development

Answer 24

Adopting policies that successfully promote and sustain development
Finding funds to pay for development

Question 25

how does the world trade organization reduce trade barriers

Answer 25

Reduce restrictions( tariffs and quotas Enforcement (violations)

Question 26

cons of self-sufficiency

Answer 26

inefficent industries lack of comperitiveness corruption black market

Question 27

investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country.

Answer 27

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Question 28

in what type of countries is FDI distributed unevanly

Answer 28

developing

Question 29

what are two major lenders to developing countries

Answer 29

International Monetary Fund (IMF) and world bank

Question 30

the provision of small loans and other financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries that are unable to obtain loans from commercial banks

Answer 30

Microfinance

Question 31

government spends more money than they collect in taxes during a downtown, people work to improve infrastructure until things are better and people pay more taxes and dept

Answer 31

stimulus stragegy

Question 32

reducing taxes in downtown so people can revive the economy by spending their tax savings, less money in government programs

Answer 32

austerity strategy

Question 33

contains economic “reforms” or “adjustments”, such as economic goals, strategies for achieving the objective, and financing requirement

Answer 33

Structural Adjustment Program

Question 34

international trade that provides greater equality to workers and small businesses in developing countries.

Answer 34

Fair Trade

Question 35

three standard of fair trade (esecially for developed countries)

Answer 35

producers workers in farms and factories consumers

Question 36

three different fossil fuels

Answer 36

coal, oil, natural gas

Question 37

what makes some energy better than others

Answer 37

supplies/ scarcity cost consequences (safety, pollution)

Question 38

the quantity of something that producers have available for sale

Answer 38

Supply

Question 39

the quantity that consumers are willing and able to buy

Answer 39

Demand

Question 40

where is energy consumption the greatest in

Answer 40

north america

Question 41

what are problems with abondance of reserves

Answer 41

wars, no will to change

Question 42

where is coal aboundant

Answer 42

US russia and china

Question 43

where is natural gas abundent

Answer 43

saudi arabia, russia, and US

Question 44

pros of fossil fuels

Answer 44

cheap, reliable, abundent, efficient

Question 45

where is coal used a lot in

Answer 45

the developing world

Question 46

a supply of energy remaining in deposits that have been discovered

Answer 46

Proven reserves-

Question 47

which two fossil fuels are running out the fastest

Answer 47

natural gas and oil

Question 48

a supply of energy that is undiscovered but thought to exist.

Answer 48

Potential reserves

Question 49

cons of nuclear energy (fission)

Answer 49

dangerous and toxic waste products high cost

Question 50

where do countries that depend on nulcear energy cluster

Answer 50

europe

Question 51

cons of biomass

Answer 51

inefficiency, food in tank, enviromental concerns

Question 52

what is the leading source of renewable energy in both developed and developing regins

Answer 52

hydroelectric power

Question 53

who made the core-periphery model

Answer 53

Immanuel Wallerstein

Question 54

what is the core-periphery model

Answer 54

a model that shows how the countries above 30 degrees latitude are the "core" countries which are developed. below is the sei-periphery which is a boundary. and perifpher is the developing counties

Question 55

the percentage of women holding full-time jobs outside the home.

Answer 55

female Labor Force Participation Rate

Question 56

what is reproductive health based on (2)

Answer 56

adolecent fertility rate, maternal mortality rate,

Question 57

where does Money for infrastructure in developing countries can come from

Answer 57

loans

Question 58

which path to development is slow, requires protection, encourages domestic production of goods, has equal pay

Answer 58

self-sufficiency

Question 59

describe the international trade path to development

Answer 59

taps into world economy, open to internaltional trade, more popular path

Question 60

states that each country is in one of the five stages of development

Answer 60

Rostow’s international trade model

Question 61

what are the 5 stages in order of Rostow’s international trade model

Answer 61

traditional society, preconditions for takeoff, takeofff, drive to maturity, age of mass consumption

Question 62

describe traditional society stage

Answer 62

high number of people in primary jobs, money in the military, and no infrastructure

Question 63

describe preconditions for takeoff

Answer 63

investment in new technology and infrastruce, icreasing productivity, mostly people still in primary jobs

Question 64

describe takeoff stage

Answer 64

rapid growth in industries and techonological advances, reapid grown in secondary jobs

Question 65

describe drive to maturity

Answer 65

more skilled work and modern technology, skilled workers are brought in, rapidly growing number of people in teritaty sector

Question 66

describe age o mass consumption stage

Answer 66

shrift to consumer goods and from manufacturing, vast majority of people in tertiary sector

Question 67

what are cons of international trade

Answer 67

uneven resouce distributions, increase dependence on developed countries,market decline, people are left behind

Question 68

cons of self-sufficiency

Answer 68

protection of inefficient business, large bureaucracy, inefficient industries, lack of competitiveness, corruption, black market

Question 69

when was the international monetary fundation and the world bank created

Answer 69

after WWII

Question 70

what are challenges in developing countries with money

Answer 70

world bank and IMF fear granting money with fear of debts

Question 71

challenges with money in developed countiees

Answer 71

bad loans in housing which lead to housing decline in value,