chapter 13 Flashcards by Rainn Nachbar

what are the three different parts of cities

metropolitan area, central city, urban areas

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what are smaller urban areas called

micropolitan

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an urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into independent, self-governing unit known as a municipality

Central City

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where is population declining and increasing in the US

declining- East and North
increasing- west and south

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consists of a central city and its surrounding built-up suburbs

Urban areas

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a collection of adjacent or overlapping metropolitan areas that merge into a continuous urban region

Megalopolis

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the best-known and most visually distinctive area of most cities

Central Business District (CBD)

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what are two activities not in the CBD

manufacturing and residentail

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areas in a developed country where health food is difficult to obtain

Food Deserts

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three types of urban structure models

concentric zone, sector, multiple nuclei

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what is a different version of the multiple nuclei model

galactic (peripheral)

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a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings, like the growth rings of a tree.

Concentric Zone Model

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who made the concentric zone model

Ernest Burge

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numbered zone of the zone model

1- CBD
2-Zone of transition
3- working-class homes
4-Better residence
5- commuter zone

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Most expensive housing is built in a corridor extending from downtown to the outer edge of the city. Certain parts of the city attract different activities.Expand outward like wedge from the center

Sector Model-

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who made the sector model

Homer Hoyt

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a city is a complex structure that includes a CBD as well as other centers around which activities occur. Some activities are attracted to nodes while others stay away

Multiple Nuclei Model

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who made the multiple nuclei model

harries and Ullman

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an urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and service nodes or nuclei tied together by a beltway or ring road.

Galactic (Peripheral) Model-

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the nodes of consumer and business services around the beltway

Edge Cities

the study of where people of varying living standards, ethnic backgrounds, and lifestyles live within an urban area

Social Area Analysis

each contains approximately 5,000 residents and correspond, where possible, to neighborhood boundaries

Census Tracts

structure in European CIties

more people live downtown
less skyscrappers
newer houses are on the outside and newer inside
most immigrants in the suburbs

which part of the concentric zones gains the most money

the inner rings

Informal Settlements

a residential area where housing has been built on land to which the occupants have no legal claim or has not been built to the city’s standards for legal buildings

what is a favela

a community/ city built with no government oversight by workers or old freed slaves; prevalent in Brazil

a residential or commercial area situated within an urban area but outside the central city

Suburb

he process of legally adding land area to a city or county

Annexation

density gadient

US tends to become less and less dense as on ventures farther from the city's center

the development of suburbs at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing build-up-area

Sprawl

how does sprawl happen

evelopers buy up land on the periphery, typically farms, ad hold them until it makes economic sense to develop these tracts

which country has their land look lie swiss cheese (UK or US)

which country has tightly regulated development with open spaces (greenbelts)

legislation and regulations to limit suburban growth and preserve farmland

Smart Growth

what does the build-up o business in the suburbs lead to

edge cities

the number of houses per unit of land diminishes as distance from the center city increases

Density Gradient-

how is modern residential suburb segregated (2)

social class, land use

three types of public transportation

heavy rail, light rail, bus

example of heavy rail

subways and elevated trains

examples of light rail

trams and streetcars

a group prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic challenges.

Underclass

the process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area

Gentrification

what is filtering

larger houses in older neighborhoods subdivided into smaller dwellings for low-income families

government-owned housing rented to low-income people, with rents set at 30 percent of the tenant’s income.

Public Housing-

five ways the road congestions are going down

GPS congestion charges tolls permits bans

unique places in urban areas

CBD, residential areas w/ cultural characteristics

cities and scale

local; cities are centers of divercity global; economic well-being and vibrancy depends on global economic patterns

distribution in cities

density declines with increasing distance from the city clustered groups rich vs. poor distance