chapter 9

Question 1

what does nutrients around the world depend on (3 ways)

Answer 1

level of development
physical conditions
cultural preferences

Question 2

the amount of food that an individual consumes

Answer 2

Dietary Energy Consumption

Question 3

physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

Answer 3

Food Security-

Question 4

how much of the world dont have food secutrity

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

what is the leading source of enegy in the wolrd

Answer 5

grain

Question 6

what is developed coutnries source of protien

Answer 6

meat(beef, pork, poultry)

Question 7

developing countries source of protien

Answer 7

cereal grains

Question 8

is dietary energy consumption that is continuously below that needed for a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity

Answer 8

Undernourishment

Question 9

resons for record high food prices (4)

Answer 9

poor weather, high demans, smaller growth in productivity, use of crops as biofuels (corn oil, etc.) instead of food

Question 10

the deliberate modification of Earth’s surface by planting crops or raising animals to eat and sell

Answer 10

Agriculture

Question 11

he process that began when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

Answer 11

Agricultural Revolution

Question 12

how long ago did people start to use agricutlure

Answer 12

10,000

Question 13

agriculture originated in multiple hearths around the world:
(5)

Answer 13

southwest asia - nile river vally and mesopotamis
eastasia- Huang he and Yellow RIver Valleys
central and south Asia
sub-saharan Africa
south and central america

Question 14

the transfer of plants and animals, as well as people, culture, and technology, between the Western Hemisphere and Europe, as a result of European colonization and trade

Answer 14

Columbian Exchange

Question 15

the production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer’s family

Answer 15

Subsistence Agriculture-

Question 16

the production of food primarily for sale off the farm

Answer 16

Commercial Agricultural-

Question 17

one that is grown for sale,rather than for farmer;s own use

Answer 17

cash Crop

Question 18

commercial from subsistence (differenced 3)

Answer 18

lower percentage of farmers in labor face
capital intensive
larger farm size

Question 19

11 agricultural regions

Answer 19

intensive subsistence (wet rice)
intensive subsistence(non wet rice)
Pastoral nomadism
shifting cultivation
plantation
** developing countries above
mixed crop and livestock
dairy
commercial gardening
Mediterranean
livestock ranching
grain
*** developed countries above

Question 20

obtaining two harvests per year from one field

Answer 20

Double Cropping-

Question 21

what type of farming is in the developing world and has no land waisted, uses animals for work and not machines, rice is the dominant crop

Answer 21

intensie subsitence farming

Question 22

wet rice vs non wet rice

Answer 22

wet rice:rice planted on dry land in nursery and then moved as seedlings to a flooded field to promote growth; little land

non wet rice: harsh winters, crop rotaiton

Question 23

practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

Answer 23

Crop Rotation

Question 24

what type of farming is a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift frequently from one field to another; tropical areas; uses slah and burn and frequent relocation

Answer 24

shifting cultivation

Question 25

farmers clear land for planting by slashing vegetation and bring the debris

Answer 25

Slash and Burn

Question 26

farmers grow crops on a cleared field for only a few years, until soil nutrients are depleted, and then leave it with nothing planted for many years so the soil can recover.

Answer 26

Frequent Relocation-

Question 27

what type of farming is based on herding of domesticated animals in dry climates, where planting crops is impossible

Answer 27

pastoral nomadism

Question 28

is seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas.

Answer 28

Transhumance

Question 29

what type of farming is a large commercial farm in developing country that specializes in one or two crops., subtropic and tropics

Answer 29

Plantation

Question 30

the capture of wild fish and other seafood lying in the waters

Answer 30

Fishing

Question 31

the cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.

Answer 31

Aquaculture (Aquafarming)-

Question 32

capturing fish faster than they can reproduce

Answer 32

Overfishing

Question 33

the system of commercial farming found in developing countrie; is commonly used to refer to the 6 main types of commercial agriculture in developed countries, because the family farm is not an isolated activity but is integrated into a large food production industry; farm to table process

Answer 33

Agribusiness

Question 34

the practice of growing the same single crop eerie year after year

Answer 34

Monocropping

Question 35

what is the most important grain crop

Answer 35

wheat

Question 36

what type of farming is in the developed world and crops are grown for human consumption, need large areas, consumer preferences oriented

Answer 36

grain

Question 37

what type of farming in the developed world borders the sea, has crops for human consumption

Answer 37

mediteranean

Question 38

the growing of fruits, vegie, and flowers

Answer 38

Horticulture

Question 39

the predominant type of agriculture in the southeastern US

Answer 39

Commercial (or Market) Gardening and Fruit Farming-

Question 40

what type of farming is in the developed word and has migrant workers, specialises in few crops in common, predomintnat in southeastern US, processes most of the food, in closest ring

Answer 40

commercial gardenign and fruit

Question 41

what type of farming had integration of livestock and crops, Typically involves crop rotation, fraction of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil, most important crop is corn and soybeans

Answer 41

mixed crops and livestock

Question 42

what type of farming in the developed world is on the inside ring, makes animal products, manufactures food

Answer 42

dairy

Question 43

ring surrounding a city which milk can be supplied

Answer 43

Milkshed

Question 44

what type of farming is on dry land with livestock

Answer 44

ranching

Question 45

rings of the von Thunen model

Answer 45

1- gardens and milk:parishable 2- wood and tiber: heavy 3-pasture crop rotation 4- animal grazing:space

Question 46

human actions that cause land to deteriorate to a desertlike condition

Answer 46

Desertification-

Question 47

began in the UK in the 17th century, increased productivity through improvement of crop rotation and breeding of livestock

Answer 47

The Second Agricultural Revolution (industrial)

Question 48

the invention and rapid diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques during the 1970s and 1980s

Answer 48

Green Revolution-

Question 49

what does the new techinques in the green revolution include

Answer 49

high-yeild seeds fertilizers

Question 50

a living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology,

Answer 50

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)-

Question 51

cons of GMO

Answer 51

Health problems Export problems Europeans don’t typically buy GMO foods

Question 52

farming that depends on the use of natural prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances, such as herbicides, pesticides, and growth hormones.

Answer 52

Organic Agriculture-

Question 53

a method of soil cultivation that reduces soil erosion and runoff

Answer 53

Conservation Tillage-

Question 54

a system of planting crops on ridge tops

Answer 54

Ridge Tillage

Question 55

leaves all of the harvest untouched on the fields

Answer 55

No TIllage

Question 56

challenges for farmers in developing coutries (4)

Answer 56

population growth with subsitence farming international trade with subsitence farming food prices overproduction in commercial

Question 57

reasons for high food prices

Answer 57

bad weather higher demand smaller increases in productivity diversion of food for biofuels war inflation

Question 58

are agricultural practices that preserve and enhance environmental quality

Answer 58

Sustainable agriculture-

Question 59

three agricultural revolutions over the years

Answer 59

1- neolithic,invention of farming 2- 1750-`850- industrial revolution, machines 3- green revolutions, seeds and fertilizers