Chapter 10 Flashcards
WHAT ARE EMOTIONS
Physiological factors
Subjective feelings
Cognitions
Desire to take action
BASIC EMOTIONS
Ekman – facial expression research
Emotion species-specific or culturally shaped?
Traveled to New Guinea
BASIC EMOTIONS
Anger, disgust, fear, interest,
happiness, sadness
*Sometimes surprise
BASIC EMOTIONS
More evidence of universality:
Babies
Blind individuals
EMOTION AND CULTURE
BUT “accents”
Level of expressiveness/extremes
COVID RESEARCH
blah
POSITIVE EMOTIONS
Smiling - first clear sign of happiness
Reflexive (1st mo.), then social (~2-3 mo.)
Social smiles – directed toward people
NEGATIVE EMOTIONS
Crying
Important form of communication
Parent should respond (especially <6 mo.)
FEAR
Unfamiliar objects & events (~4-12mo.)
FEAR
Stranger anxiety(~6-9 mo. - 2 years)
Less likely:
Parent present
Peers
Smiling
FEAR
Separation anxiety (peaks ~15 mo.)
Across cultures
DELAY OF
GRATIFICATION
Changes over time?
How do you think kids
today compare to kids in
past decades?
DELAY OF
GRATIFICATION
WHY?
Flynn effect and tech
(mobile games?)
Preschool – access and
purpose
ROLE OF PARENTS:
PARENTAL EMOTIONS
Expression of emotion
Children model parents/guardians
May shape biases
ROLE OF PARENTS:
PARENTAL EMOTIONS
Children influence the expression of
emotion
Ex. difficult temperament
ROLE OF PARENTS:
PARENTAL REACTIONS
Response to child’s emotions
Meaningful/worthy of attention
Criticize/minimize/dismiss feelings
ROLE OF PARENTS:
PARENTAL DISCUSSION
Educate children about emotions
Circumstances
Consequences
Emotion coaching vs emotion dismissing
Social referencing
Social referencing is when infants read facial expressions to help them make decisions. Social referencing starts between eight and ten months of age, while infants use visual information obtained from their parents’ or caregivers’ faces to help them understand different situations
EMOTION REGULATION IN INFANCY
*External → internal
EMOTION REGULATION IN INFANCY
*Newborn – parents
*~6 mos. – self-soothing; avert gaze
*~2 yrs. – attention; language
EMOTION REGULATION IN INFANCY
*Emotion acknowledgement or dismissing
Childhood regulation
*Covering eyes
*Talk about feelings
*Talk to self in soothing way
Adolescent regulation
*Cognitive strategies
*Reframe situation
*Feeling vs expressing
Adolescent regulation
*Cognitive strategies
*Reframe situation
*Feeling vs expressing
