Chapter 10

Question 1

4 key functions of muscular tissue

Answer 1

Producing body movement
Stabilizing body position
Storing and moving substance within body
Generating heat

Question 2

4 properties of muscular tissue

Answer 2

Electrical excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 3

Fascia

Answer 3

Dense sheet or broad band of irregular connective tissue that line body wall and limbs

Question 4

3 layers of connective tissue that extends from fascia

Answer 4

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

Question 5

Epimysium

Answer 5

Outer layer of that surround entire muscle
Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 6

Perimysium

Answer 6

Surrounds group of 10-100 or more muscle fibers, separating into bundles called fascicles
Dense irregular tissue

Question 7

Endomysium

Answer 7

Penetrates interior of each fascicle and separates individual muscle fibers from one another
Reticular fibers

Question 8

Aponeurosis

Answer 8

When extended as a broad, flat sheet

Question 9

Sarcolemma

Answer 9

Plasma membrane of muscle cell

Question 10

Transverse tubules

Answer 10

Thousands of tiny invaginations of sarcolemma
Tunnel from surface to center of each muscle fiber

Question 11

Sarcoplasm

Answer 11

Cytoplasm of muscle fiber
Lots of glycogen and myoglobin

Question 12

Myofibrils

Answer 12

Contractile organelles of skeletal muscle
Responsible for striation

Question 13

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Fluid filled system of membranous sacs that encircle each myofibrils
Similar to smooth er

Question 14

Thin filaments

Answer 14

Composed of actin

Question 15

Thick filaments

Answer 15

Composed of myosin

Question 16

Sarcomeres

Answer 16

Basic functional units of myofibrils
Compartments

Question 17

Z disc

Answer 17

Narrow, plate shaped regions of dense protein material, separate one sacromere from the next

Question 18

A band

Answer 18

Dark middle part
Extends all of thick filament
At end is zone of overlap where thin and thick filaments are side by side

Question 19

I band

Answer 19

Lighter, less dense than A
Contains thin filaments and Z discs pass through the center

Question 20

M line

Answer 20

Formed by the supporting protein that holds thick filaments together at center of H zone
Midline of sacromere

Question 21

Contractile proteins

Answer 21

Myosin
Actin

Question 22

Myosin

Answer 22

Main component of thick filaments
Function as motor protein for all 3 types of muscles
Shaped like two twisted golf clubs

Question 23

Motor proteins

Answer 23

Pull various cellular structures to achieve movement by converting chemical energy of atp to mechanical energy in motion

Question 24

Regulatory proteins

Answer 24

Tropomyosin
Troponin

Question 25

Structural proteins

Answer 25

Alignment, stability, elasticity and extensibility of myofibrils Titin

Question 26

Titin

Answer 26

3rd most plentiful protein of skeletal muscle Connects z disc to m line of sacromere

Question 27

Contractile cycle

Answer 27

Repeating sequence of events that causes filaments to slide

Question 28

Excitation contraction coupling

Answer 28

Sequence of events that links excitation to contraction

Question 29

Triad

Answer 29

T tubules and 2 opposing terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

Voltage gated calcium channels

Answer 30

Located on T tubules membrane and arranged as tetrads Voltage sensor that triggers opening of calcium release channels

Question 31

Calcium release channels

Answer 31

In terminal Custer membrane of sr At rest part of channel that extends into sarcoplasm is partially blocked by voltage gate calcium channels

Question 32

Calsequestrin

Answer 32

Protein of sr Binds calcium ands stores it in sr

Question 33

Length tension relationship

Answer 33

Longer and shorter sacromere lead to less tension

Question 34

3 ways for muscles to create atp

Answer 34

Creatine phosphate Anaerobic glycolysis Aerobic respiration

Question 35

Creatin phosphate

Answer 35

Unique to muscle fibers Excess atp in relaxed muscles is stored as creatine phosphate by creatin kinase Transfers phosphate form atp to creatine (reversed when needed)