Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space

Question 2

Weight

Answer 2

Force of gravity acting on matter

Question 3

Solid

Answer 3

Defined shape and volume

Question 4

Liquid

Answer 4

Defined volume

Question 5

Gas

Answer 5

Neither defined volume or shape

Question 6

Major elements in body

Answer 6

Oxygen (65%)
Carbon (18.5%)
Hydrogen (9.5%)
Nitrogen (3.2%)

Question 7

Lesser elements

Answer 7

Calcium
Phosphorous
Potassium
Sodium
Sulfur
Chlorine
Magnesium
Iron

Question 8

Mass number

Answer 8

Sun of protons and neutrons

Question 9

Isotope

Answer 9

Element has different number of neutrons and thus a different mass

Question 10

Atomic mass

Answer 10

Average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes

Question 11

Ionization

Answer 11

Process of giving or receiving electron

Question 12

Compound

Answer 12

Contains 2 or more atoms of different elements

Question 13

Ionic bond

Answer 13

Force of attraction that holds together atoms of opposite attraction

Question 14

Electrolyte

Answer 14

Ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative in solution

Question 15

Covalent bond

Answer 15

Two or more atoms share an electron

Question 16

No polar covalent bond

Answer 16

Electrons are shared equally

Question 17

Polar covalent bond

Answer 17

Electron is not shared equally

Question 18

Exergonic energy

Answer 18

Releases more energy than absorbed

Question 19

Endergonic energy

Answer 19

Absorbs more energy than released

Question 20

Activation energy

Answer 20

Energy needed to break chemical bonds of reactants

Question 21

Synthesis reaction

Answer 21

2 or more atoms/molecules become a new larger molecule

Aka anabolism

Endergonic

Question 22

Decomposition reaction

Answer 22

Split larger molecule into smaller molecule, ion or atom

Exergonic

Aka catabolism

Question 23

Exchange reaction

Answer 23

Consists of both synthesis and decomposition reactions

Question 24

Reversible reaction

Answer 24

Products can revert to original reactants

Question 25

Oxidation reduction reaction

Answer 25

Always run parallel, when one thing is oxidized another must be reduced

Question 26

Inorganic compound

Answer 26

Usually lack of carbon and structurally simple
Not used in biological function
Either ionic or covalent bond

Question 27

Organic compound

Answer 27

Always contain carbon and usually hydrogen

Always covalent bonds

Question 28

Solvent

Answer 28

Dissolves another substance (solvent)

Question 29

Mixture

Answer 29

Combination of elements or compounds that physically blend but are not bound by chemical bonds

Question 30

Three common liquid mixtures

Answer 30

Solution
Colloid
Suspension

Question 31

Solution

Answer 31

Solute is evenly dispersed in solvent

Question 32

Colloid

Answer 32

Solute is large enough to scatter light. The solute in colloid is much larger than the solute in solution
Translucent

Question 33

Suspension

Answer 33

May temporarily mix but the solute will settle out

Question 34

Acid

Answer 34

Dissolves into one or more H+ and an anion (proton donor)

Question 35

Base

Answer 35

Dissolves into one or more hydroxyl ion and cation (proton acceptor)

Question 36

Salt

Answer 36

Dissolves in water and dissociates into cation and anion (neither H+ or OH-)

Question 37

2 parts of enzymes

Answer 37

Apoenzyme is the protein portion
Cofactor is non protein portion