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Anatomy And Phys > Chapter1 > Flashcards

Chapter1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Science of body structures and relationships among them

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Science of how body parts work

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3
Q

Chemical level

A

Includes atoms and molecules

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4
Q

Cellular level

A

Molecules combine into cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of an organisms

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5
Q

Tissue level

A

Group of cells and materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular action

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6
Q

Organ level

A

Composed of two or more different types of tissues and have a specific function with a recognizable shape

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7
Q

System level

A

Consists of related organs with a common function

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8
Q

Organismal level

A

All parts of the human body functioning together to constitute the total organism

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9
Q

Characteristics of a living human organism

A
  1. Metabolism
    2.Responsiveness
    3.Movement
  2. Growth
    5.differentiation
  3. Reproduction
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10
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all chemical processes in body

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11
Q

Homeostasis

A

A dynamic condition of trying to maintain a relatively stable condition in the body’s internal environment

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12
Q

Intercellular fluid

A

Fluids found within cells

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13
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

Fluid outside of cell

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14
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

Ecf that is between the narrow spaces between cells of tissues

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15
Q

Blood plasma

A

Ecf of blood vessels

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16
Q

Lymph

A

Ecf of lymphatic vessels

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17
Q

Feedback system

A

Cycle of events where the status of the body is monitored, evaluated and changed and then repeats

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18
Q

Receptor

A

Body structure that monitors changes in controlled condition and sends input to the control Center

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19
Q

Control Center

A

Has a set of narrow ranges or set point that the controlled condition should be maintained at. Evaluates input from receptor and generates output

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20
Q

Effector

A

Body structure that receives output and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition

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21
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

Reverse the change in the controlled condition

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22
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Strengthens or reinforces a change in body’s controlled condition

23
Q

Anatomical position

A

Subject stands erect facing observer, head level and eyes forward.

Lower limbs parallel and feet flat and directed forward

Upper limbs at side with palms turned forward

24
Q

Prone

A

Body is lying face down

25
Q

Supine

A

Body is lying face up

26
Q

Superior

A

Toward head or upper part of structure

27
Q

Inferior

A

Away from head or towards the lower body

28
Q

Anterior

A

Nearer to or front of body

29
Q

Posterior

A

Near to or back of body

30
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the midline

31
Q

Lateral

A

Further from the midline

32
Q

Intermediate

A

Between 2 structures

33
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of body as structure

34
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side of body as structure

35
Q

Proxima

A

Nearer to attachment of limb to trunk or nearer to origination of structure

36
Q

Distal

A

Farther from attachment of limb

37
Q

Planes

A

Imaginary flat surface that passes through body parts

38
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Vertical plane that divides the body/organ into right and left sides

39
Q

Midsaggital plane/median plane

A

Divides body or organ into equal parts

40
Q

Parasaggital plane

A

When it does cross through midline, so not split equally

41
Q

Frontal or coronal plane

A

Divides body or organ into anterior and posterior

42
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into superior and inferior

Also known as cross sectional or horizontal plane

43
Q

Oblique plane

A

Passes through body or organ at oblique angle

44
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Fluid filled space surrounding heart

45
Q

Pleural cavities

A

Fluid filled space around each lung

46
Q

Mediastinum

A

Area between lungs, up to sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm

47
Q

Viscera

A

Organs in the thoracic abdominopelvic cavities

48
Q

Membrane

A

Thin, pliable tissue that covers, lines, partitions or connect structures

49
Q

Serous Membrane

A

Double layered, does not open directly to exterior and it covers the viscera in thorax and abdomen

50
Q

Parietal Layer

A

Thin epithelium that lines the walls of cavities

Part of membrane

51
Q

Visceral layer

A

Other part of serous membrane

Thin epithelium that covers and adheres to viscera within cavity

52
Q

2 methods of dividing abdomipelvic cavity

A
  1. 2 horizontal lines and 2 vertical lines
    Divides into 9 quadrants
  2. Midsagittal and transverse line that passes through umbilicus
    Divides into quadrants
53
Q

Nine regions that the 2 horizontal and 2 vertical lines make

A
  1. Right hypochondriac
  2. Epigastric
  3. Left hypochondriac
  4. Right lumbar
  5. Umbilical
  6. Left lumbar
  7. Right inguinal
  8. Hypogastric
  9. Left inguinal

Anatomy And Phys (12 decks)

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