Chapter 10 Flashcards by Caitlin Untinen

What is a basic skill of fire fighting that is also an essential survival technique during search and rescue operations? (434) [4.3.5, 4.3.9]

A. Apparatus used to block traffic
B. Salvage covers used as carryalls
C. Forcible entry used as a means of escape
D. Hose carries used as physical fitness training

C. Forcible entry used as a means of escape

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To prepare yourself for survival during rapid fire development or structural collapse, knowing your personal physical limitations will help you: (434) [4.3.9]

A. Recognize warnings of hazardous conditions.
B. Determine the optimal tools to take with you.
C. Monitor your stress level and air consumption.
D. Communicate with your crew and the Incident Commander.

C. Monitor your stress level and air consumption.

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Disorientation, fear, and claustrophobia are: (434-435) [4.3.9]

A. Signs of acrophobia, the fear of heights.
B. Psychological effects of obscured vision conditions.
C. Long-term symptoms of psychological stress felt by first responders.
D. Common responses to the physically demanding work of fire fighting.

B. Psychological effects of obscured vision conditions.

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What should you do to overcome psychological effects of obscured vision conditions? (435) [4.3.9]

A. Take a series of deep, fast breaths.
B. Stay in contact with your partner(s).
C. Avoid relying on other senses such as hearing and touch.
D. Focus on the larger picture rather than your assigned task.

B. Stay in contact with your partner(s).

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What would generally be considered a MAYDAY situation? (435) [4.2.4, 4.3.5]

A. Firefighter loses contact with hoseline or search line.
B. The seat of the fire is much larger than initially reported.
C. A low-pressure alarm activates as you are about to exit the structure.
D. A firefighter’s PASS device alarms because he or she stands still for a period of time.

A. Firefighter loses contact with hoseline or search line.

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What BEST describes the process of determining tenability of interior fire environments? (436) [4.3.5, 4.3.9]

A. An incipient fire makes interior environments immediately untenable.
B. If an environment is untenable for unprotected victims, it is untenable for firefighters in full PPE and SCBA.
C. Signs of structural collapse make interior operations untenable even for firefighters in full PPE and SCBA.
D. If the environment is tenable for firefighters in full PPE and SCBA, then it is tenable for unprotected victims.

C. Signs of structural collapse make interior operations untenable even for firefighters in full PPE and SCBA.

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When identifying safe havens during search and rescue operations, firefighters should identify areas: (436) [4.3.5]

A. That are well outside of the structure.
B. That are large enough to house at least ten victims or firefighters.
C. Where the door can be closed to prevent the spread of fire and smoke.
D. That are immediately next to the point of entry made by the fire attack company.

C. Where the door can be closed to prevent the spread of fire and smoke.

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What is NOT a key principle of air management during structural search and rescue operations? (437) [4.3.9]

A. Know your point of no return.
B. Always know how much air you have left.
C. Inform the IC if you must exit the structure.
D. Stay in the structure until the low-pressure alarm activates.

D. Stay in the structure until the low-pressure alarm activates.

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When using SCBA, your point of no return is based on: (437) [4.3.9]

A. The availability of additional crews.
B. Whether or not RIC has been established.
C. Your team’s physical and mental condition.
D. The highest cylinder gauge reading of any member of the team.

C. Your team’s physical and mental condition.

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An air cylinder’s rated operating time is: (437) [4.3.9]

A. The same for nearly every firefighter.
B. Not an indicator of actual operating time.
C. Based on time spent breathing with an elevated heart rate.
D. The minimum amount of time available to firefighters while on air.

B. Not an indicator of actual operating time.

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Knowing how to react in an air emergency requires effective air management, which includes: (438) [4.3.5, 4.3.9]

A. Waiting for RIC to find you and implement a solution.
B. Asking the Incident Commander to complete a troubleshooting checklist.
C. Avoiding finding a solution to the problem and focusing on preserving as much air as possible.
D. Remaining calm, following procedures to determine a cause, and implementing a solution.

D. Remaining calm, following procedures to determine a cause, and implementing a solution.

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What action should you take if you are lost and sheltering in place during interior fire fighting operations? (439) [4.2.4, 4.5.5, 4.3.9]

A. Keep lights turned off to avoid confusion.
B. Do not make any noise while others search for you.
C. Get to an uninvolved room if possible and close the door.
D. Remain off the radio to allow others to communicate about the MAYDAY operation.

C. Get to an uninvolved room if possible and close the door.

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During what type of incident would firefighters likely perform air monitoring? (440) [4.3.2.1]

A. A fire alarm at an elementary school
B. Search and rescue calls with no fire present
C. A medical emergency involving suspected tuberculosis
D. A motor vehicle accident involving three or more vehicles

B. Search and rescue calls with no fire present

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What would NOT be a typical reason for conducting air monitoring? (440-441) [4.3.2.1]

A. Identify hazards present at the incident.
B. Determine appropriate PPE, tools, and equipment.
C. Determine perimeters and the scope of the incident.
D. Identify the point of origin during arson investigations.

D. Identify the point of origin during arson investigations.

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How can the instrument reaction time of an air monitor affect the safety of firefighters? (441) [4.3.2.1]

A. The greater the instrument reaction time, the earlier the device’s alarm will sound.
B. A device with a long instrument reaction time will require the operator to make several calculations and conversions.
C. If firefighters move too slowly, the device will not have the necessary amount of product required to properly measure the concentration.
D. If firefighters move too quickly, they may find themselves in a situation where the toxic gas concentration is much higher than the meter indicates.

D. If firefighters move too quickly, they may find themselves in a situation where the toxic gas concentration is much higher than the meter indicates.

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Which statement about oxygen-enriched atmospheres is true? (442) [4.3.2.1]

A. Oxygen-enriched atmospheres are 19.5% oxygen or greater.
B. Ventilation is not an option to correct oxygen-enriched atmospheres.
C. Oxygen-enriched atmospheres require SCBA and chemical protective clothing.
D. An oxygen-enriched atmosphere greatly increases the flammability or explosive potential.

D. An oxygen-enriched atmosphere greatly increases the flammability or explosive potential.

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If an air monitor determines that the atmosphere is 20.7% oxygen, the: (443) [4.3.2.1]

A. Oxygen is free of any contaminants.
B. Oxygen has been displaced by some type of contaminant.
C. Atmosphere has increased flammability or explosive potential.
D. Monitor needs to be calibrated to read the oxygen level correctly.

B. Oxygen has been displaced by some type of contaminant.

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An atmosphere containing a flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10 percent of its lower explosive limit (LEL) is considered: (443) [4.3.2.1]

A. Safe.
B. Saturated.
C. Hazardous.
D. Oxygen enriched.

C. Hazardous.

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What do most combustible gas indicators (CGIs) measure? (443) [4.3.2.1]

A. Lower explosive limit (LEL)
B. Percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere
C. Atmospheric pressure in kilopascals (kPa)
D. Permissible exposure limits (PEL) or ceiling value (CV)

A. Lower explosive limit (LEL)

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When using an air monitor, which resource can responders use to find the safe exposure limits of a particular toxic material? (445) [4.3.2.1]

A. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Hazardous Chemicals
B. Most typical CGIs, including standard 4-gas monitors
C. NFPA 704 placards, hazmat warning labels, and other markings
D. NFPA 1001, Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications

A. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Hazardous Chemicals

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Often the only clue to the presence of a gas other than what the air monitor is designed for is: (445) [4.3.2.1]

A. A malfunction of the device’s oxygen sensor.
B. An alarm set for 10 percent of the lower explosive limit.
C. A decrease in the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere.
D. A decrease of several parts per million of carbon monoxide.

C. A decrease in the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere.

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Before an incident, a gas monitor is typically calibrated by using: (446) [4.3.2.1]

A. Pure oxygen.
B. Normal atmosphere.
C. A known contaminant, such as exhaust from an apparatus.
D. A known quantity of a manufacturer-approved calibration gas.

D. A known quantity of a manufacturer-approved calibration gas.

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Once at the incident, the firefighter responsible for air monitoring should perform a: (446) [4.3.2.1]

A. Bump test with calibration gas.
B. Fresh-air calibration, also known as a zero cal.
C. Response test inside a contaminated atmosphere.
D. Full calibration following manufacturer’s instructions.

B. Fresh-air calibration, also known as a zero cal.

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What is a step in staying safe during air monitoring operations? (447) [4.3.2.1]

A. Remove any damaged device from service immediately.
B. Move quickly so that you can measure the hot zone first.
C. Begin with the assumption that only one hazard is present.
D. Keep the monitor as low as possible on your person throughout the operation.

A. Remove any damaged device from service immediately.

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What are action levels in the context of performing air monitoring? (448) [4.3.2.1] A. The levels of PPE required working in the IDLH environment B. Responses to chemicals or products that will trigger some action C. An indicator or group of indicators that demonstrate a need for air monitoring D. Separate tasks required for air monitoring during offensive, defensive, or nonintervention operations

B. Responses to chemicals or products that will trigger some action

When preparing yourself to search an area that is immediately dangerous to life and health, it is NOT important to: (450) [4.3.9] A. Know who you report to. B. Your PASS device to be working properly but turned off. C. Be aware of the alternate means of egress from the structure. D. Your SCBA to be turned on, working properly, and contain a full cylinder of air.

B. Your PASS device to be working properly but turned off.

To conduct an effective structural search, firefighters must: (450) [4.3.9] A. Know the layout or floor plan. B. Know how to contact the building owner. C. Have the building’s blueprints available before entering. D. Refer to maps or preincident surveys as they make their way through the structure.

A. Know the layout or floor plan.

To learn the layout of buildings in the community in preparation for search and rescue, it is ideal to tour ______ while they are under construction because firefighters are less likely to have access to them later on.: (451) [4.3.5, 4.3.9] A. Big box stores. B. Industrial facilities. C. Residential dwellings D. Schools and universities.

C. Residential dwellings

How should firefighters estimate the floor plans of structures in their response area? (451) [4.3.9] A. Assume that the layout of any two structures, such as hotels, are vastly different. B. Attend local zoning meetings, open houses, and get to know local building officials to gain knowledge. C. Assume that floor plans of commercial retail shops are very similar to the floor plans of office buildings. D. Note items such as doors, windows, vent pipes, and chimneys because they will give a specific location or type of compartment in the building.

B. Attend local zoning meetings, open houses, and get to know local building officials to gain knowledge.

What is an advantage of using a thermal imager for a structural search? (452) [4.3.9] A. They can see through water, glass, or other reflective surfaces. B. They can detect fire on the floors below if a structure is carpeted. C. They can see that a surface or area is hotter than the surrounding area. D. They can detect a person under or behind furniture or on the opposite side of a wall.

C. They can see that a surface or area is hotter than the surrounding area. ✨That's one nice brain you've got.✨

What is a limitation of using a thermal imager for a structural search? (453) [4.3.9] A. Reduces situational awareness B. Reduces visibility in an obscured environment C. Not useful for locating victims or hidden fires in commercial buildings D. May not be able to detect fires on a lower floor if a structure is carpeted

D. May not be able to detect fires on a lower floor if a structure is carpeted

What is a safety guideline for conducting searches in a structural fire? (454) [4.3.9] A. Maintain radio contact with dispatch. B. Be aware of your entry point and the secondary means of egress from the structure. C. Work in teams of four or more and always remain in physical, visual, or voice contact. D. Open doors during the search to create protected areas and/or avoid creating additional flow paths.

B. Be aware of your entry point and the secondary means of egress from the structure.

What is a safety guideline for conducting searches in a structural fire? (454) [4.3.9] A. Monitor radio traffic for important information or changes in orders. B. If nothing is found, wait to mark the results until after the incident has been stabilized. C. Ensure that the incident safety officer remains at the entry point while the search is being conducted. D. Do not search in areas where visibility is limited; wait until ventilation removes smoke from the structure.

A. Monitor radio traffic for important information or changes in orders.

What must be a priority before any search? (454) [4.3.9] A. Determining cause of the fire B. Locating and isolating the fire C. Providing horizontal ventilation D. Removing victims from the structure

B. Locating and isolating the fire

What is a general guideline for marking rooms that have been searched? (454) [4.3.9] A. Furniture can be used to prop the door open. B. Mark the wall directly to the right of the room’s entrance. C. Marks can be made in the landing of the stairs adjacent to the door. D. Marks should be placed at the midpoint of doors, around the door knob.

C. Marks can be made in the landing of the stairs adjacent to the door.

What is the purpose of a primary search? (456) [4.3.9] A. Rapidly determine the location of victims B. Determine areas of safe refuge for firefighters C. Provide a rough layout of floors involved in fire D. Thoroughly and methodically search for victims

A. Rapidly determine the location of victims

What describes a secondary search conducted during a structure fire? (456) [4.3.9] A. It is conducted rapidly and covers known or likely locations of victims. B. It is a thorough search led by a firefighter who participated in the primary search. C. It is just as systematic as a primary search and is conducted after the fire is under control. D. It requires the use of SCBA unless air monitoring has determined the atmosphere to be safe.

C. It is just as systematic as a primary search and is conducted after the fire is under control.

If your officer tells you to begin a left-hand primary search of the interior, you should: (457) [4.3.9] A. Search the left-hand side of the structure. B. Use your right hand to orient yourself and your left hand to search for victims. C. Turn left and follow the walls, searching until you return to your starting point. D. Turn left as you enter a room and then turn right as you exit; repeat until you reach your starting point.

C. Turn left and follow the walls, searching until you return to your starting point.

When searching the fire floor, where should you search first? (457) [4.3.9] A. The largest enclosed area B. As close to the fire as possible C. Hallways, exits, and/or stairways D. The area closest to the entrance/exit

B. As close to the fire as possible

What is the preferred method of performing a search in minimal smoke and heat? (458) [4.3.9] A. Ducking B. Crawling C. Walking upright D. Moving forward in a kneeling position

C. Walking upright

If you are crawling up stairs during search and rescue operations, you should: (458) [4.3.9] A. Proceed head first while ascending. B. Proceed head first while descending. C. Keep your hands and feet close together. D. Lean against the wall as you ascend and descend.

A. Proceed head first while ascending.

It is particularly important to always check behind doors and on the floor below the windows during primary search because: (460) [4.3.9] A. These are the last areas where fire usually spreads. B. Victims often instinctively hide in these locations. C. Smoke may overcome occupants while they are trying to escape. D. It is very easy for firefighters to skip these areas when searching the perimeter.

C. Smoke may overcome occupants while they are trying to escape.

What BEST describes the steps for conducting a primary search within a room? (460) [4.3.9] A. Search the left-hand side of the room and then the right-hand side. B. First search the perimeter of the room and then reach out in all directions with a tool. C. Search the perimeter of the room and then place a tool against the wall and reach out to search the middle of the room. D. Move directly to the center of the room, reach in all directions with a tool, and then move to the wall to search the perimeter.

C. Search the perimeter of the room and then place a tool against the wall and reach out to search the middle of the room.

Keeping doors and windows open while conducting primary searches: (460) [4.3.9] A. Can draw fire toward the opening. B. Prevents fire from spreading to the room. C. Provides a marker for other search teams. D. Can allow for faster egress from the structure.

A. Can draw fire toward the opening.

What is the oriented-search method used in primary search? (461) [4.3.9] A. The team leader stays at a fixed point while firefighters hold onto each other as they search the room. B. One firefighter holds one end of the search rope as other firefighters who are attached to the rope search the room. C. The team leader remains anchored while others search the room; the crew remains in constant communication. D. The navigator remains in constant contact with the Incident Commander, who lets the navigator know where they are at all times.

C. The team leader remains anchored while others search the room; the crew remains in constant communication.

Where should the end of search line be tied when using the wide-area search method? (461) [4.3.9] A. At the entrance to each room B. At the entrance of the structure C. At a point directly adjacent to the RIC unit D. About 10 feet (3 m) outside the entry point to the search area

D. About 10 feet (3 m) outside the entry point to the search area

What is the purpose of tying knots along the search line when using the wide-area search method? (461) [4.3.9] A. To indicate distance to the entrance B. To make it easier to hold onto the line C. To attach hand tools during the search D. To attach to anchor points inside of the search areas

A. To indicate distance to the entrance

In what type of situation would the VEIS (Vent, Enter, Isolate, Search) method likely be used? (463) [4.3.9] A. The entire structure needs to be searched quickly. B. The structure is fully involved and operations must shift to defensive mode. C. The search team must clear several similar rooms as they work from an interior hallway. D. A room on the ground floor must be searched but can only be accessed from the exterior.

D. A room on the ground floor must be searched but can only be accessed from the exterior.

When using the VEIS (Vent, Enter, Isolate, Search) method, the second firefighter: (464) [4.3.9] A. Follows immediately behind the first firefighter with a search line. B. Locates and closes the door as the first firefighter searches the room. C. Remains at the entrance of the room and remains in communication with the first firefighter. D. Conducts a 360-degree size-up of the structure as the first firefighter makes a rapid extraction.

C. Remains at the entrance of the room and remains in communication with the first firefighter.

What would be a reason for having victims shelter in place during a structure fire? (466) [4.3.9] A. The victims can easily self-evacuate. B. The entire structure is filled with smoke. C. The first incident priority is incident stabilization. D. There is a limited amount of personnel available to assist in evacuation.

D. There is a limited amount of personnel available to assist in evacuation.

Injured victims should not be moved until they have been assessed and treated, unless: (466) [4.3.9] A. They (or you) are in immediate danger. B. There are more victims than rescuers available. C. They are confused and unsure of their surroundings. D. Additional personnel are available to continue searching.

A. They (or you) are in immediate danger.

Which type of victim carry or drag requires two rescuers? (466) [4.3.9] A. Incline drag B. Webbing drag C. Extremities carry D. Cradle-in-arms carry

C. Extremities carry

You should call for a MAYDAY whenever: (468) [4.2.4, 4.3.5] A. Your unit needs to exit the structure. B. You think your life is in immediate danger. C. A critical victim is encountered during a search. D. You encounter a previously unknown hazard at the incident.

B. You think your life is in immediate danger.

When MAYDAY is broadcast, what action must immediately be taken? (469) [4.2.4, 4.3.5] A. Pause all fire control activities. B. Dispatch additional crews to scene. C. Other team members must evacuate the structure. D. All radio traffic not related to the MAYDAY must cease.

D. All radio traffic not related to the MAYDAY must cease.

When the Incident Commander gives an order for all personnel to exit the structure: (469) [4.3.5] A. An evacuation signal is not needed. B. The orders are treated like a MAYDAY transmission. C. All units on scene must give a personnel accountability report. D. Use signals such as blasts from air horns, which will work best in larger structures.

C. All units on scene must give a personnel accountability report.

What is an immediate action to improve survivability that can buy you more time to escape or improve your situation? (470) [4.2.4, 4.3.5] A. Using your hose stream for protection B. Opening doors between you and the fire C. Following a wall marking locations that you have already been D. Communicating visibility levels to the Incident Commander or unit supervisor

A. Using your hose stream for protection

What would be an action that you would take when escaping to a safe haven? (470) [4.2.4, 4.3.5] A. Remain in place and turn on your PASS device. B. Find the seat of the fire to improve fire conditions within the structure. C. Follow your hoseline or search line back to the entrance if your team is intact. D. Move victims or downed firefighters to an uninvolved room and close the door.

C. Follow your hoseline or search line back to the entrance if your team is intact.

Which statement about using hoseline couplings to find your way out of a structure is correct? (471) [4.2.4, 4.3.5] A. The female coupling has lugs on its shank. B. The male coupling is on the water source side. C. The female coupling is on the water source side. D. The male coupling does not have lugs on its shank.

B. The male coupling is on the water source side.

When crawling rather than walking through the area while smoke is dense and low, you: (471) [4.2.4, 4.3.5] A. Will have decreased visibility. B. Will be able to move more quickly. C. Will not be able to see the path in front of you. D. May be cooler than crouching or duck walking.

D. May be cooler than crouching or duck walking.

When searching for an exit in heavy smoke conditions, you should locate a wall, crawl along it, and: (472) [4.2.4, 4.3.5] A. Use both hands to feel the floor in front of you. B. Keep your hands on the wall and search for a nearby window. C. Sweep the floor ahead of you with one hand and sweep the wall with the other. D. Use your tool or a leg to reach out into the middle of the room to feel for obstacles or other walls.

C. Sweep the floor ahead of you with one hand and sweep the wall with the other. ✨Remember, you are capable of anything and everything. ✨

Breaching an interior wall while searching for a safe haven will: (472) [4.2.4, 4.3.5] A. Block flow paths. B. Conserve your air supply. C. Require additional strength. D. Cause the structure to collapse.

C. Require additional strength.

What statement about breaching interior walls while looking for a safe haven is true? (472) [4.2.4, 4.3.5] A. Stand on both feet and use your forcible entry tool to make an opening. B. You can exit SCBA-first through walls with standard 16-inch (405 mm) stud spaces. C. If you become entangled, attempt to extricate yourself before broadcasting a MAYDAY. D. It is more difficult to move back the way you came than to move forward through the wall.

B. You can exit SCBA-first through walls with standard 16-inch (405 mm) stud spaces.

A rapid intervention crew (RIC) consists of: (473) [4.3.9, 4.3.10] A. Four firefighters with hotel packs, ground monitors, and hand tools. B. At least two firefighters who conduct a rapid search for trapped victims. C. Four firefighters who are prepared to rescue injured or trapped firefighters. D. All firefighters outside of the hazard zone immediately available to enter the structure.

C. Four firefighters who are prepared to rescue injured or trapped firefighters.

Mandatory RIC equipment can be described using the acronym: (473) [4.3.9] A. READY. B. LUNAR. C. UCANA. D. AWARE.

D. AWARE.

After receiving a MAYDAY transmission, why might the Incident Commander order a brief shutdown of all pumps, generators, and fans? (474) [4.2.4, 4.3.5] A. To direct all personnel’s attention to the downed firefighter B. To better hear the downed firefighter’s PASS device sounding C. To reduce noise so that the Incident Commander can maintain voice communication with the RIC D. To reduce the scene to silence while RIC searches for the trapped firefighter

B. To better hear the downed firefighter’s PASS device sounding

What BEST describes the capabilities of digital radio transceivers that help locate lost or disoriented firefighters? (474) [4.3.1, 4.3.9] A. The transceivers generally have a short range of approximately 10 feet (3 m). B. Depending on the manufacturer, its signals may interfere with radio transmissions. C. Unlike PASS devices, tracking devices do not automatically turn on when entering IDLH environments. D. Unlike PASS devices, walls, floors, or other solid objects do not block tracking devices’ low-frequency signal.

D. Unlike PASS devices, walls, floors, or other solid objects do not block tracking devices’ low-frequency signal.

What actions should you NEVER take after locating a downed firefighter inside a structure? (475) [4.3.1, 4.3.9] A. Remove your facepiece to share your air supply B. Deactivate the downed firefighter’s PASS device C. Connect the firefighter’s facepiece to a different, functioning SCBA D. Move the firefighter to a safe haven rather than outside the structure

A. Remove your facepiece to share your air supply

Chapter 10 Flashcards

(67 cards)