Chapter 11

Question 1

Tactical ventilation is a tool to help firefighters ____ a fire. (493) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. control
B. smother
C. extinguish
D. knock down

Answer 1

A. control

Question 2

Being in control of the fire means using ventilation and ____ to control the fire’s behavior. (494) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. overhaul
B. primary search
C. water application
D. creating additional flow paths

Answer 2

C. water application

Question 3

Ventilation helps firefighters control two variables in a structure: where hot gases and smoke exhaust from, and: (494) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. oxygen availability.
B. structural integrity.
C. personnel availability.
D. access to the structure.

Answer 3

A. oxygen availability.

Question 4

What is NOT a product of combustion that ventilation is designed to control? (494) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. Heated toxic gases
B. Carbon particles (soot)
C. Unburned hydrocarbons
D. Hydrogen peroxide and ozone

Answer 4

D. Hydrogen peroxide and ozone

Question 5

What action needs to follow immediately after ventilating a compartment that is in ventilation-limited decay? (494) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. RIC deployment
B. MAYDAY protocols
C. Exterior exposure control
D. Water application to cool gases and surfaces

Answer 5

D. Water application to cool gases and surfaces

Question 6

What type of action disrupts flow path control? (494) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. Advancing a hose line
B. Closing the exterior doors
C. Breaking windows unnecessarily
D. Putting water on the base of the fire

Answer 6

C. Breaking windows unnecessarily

Question 7

In general, closing an opening helps control the fire unless: (495) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. fire attack crews are putting water on the fire.
B. it goes against an established incident strategy.
C. the fire is not contained within a single, closed compartment.
D. opening doors will reduce the amount of time spent in IDLH atmosphere.

Answer 7

B. it goes against an established incident strategy.

Question 8

In what kind of condition can firefighters in full PPE and SCBA NOT survive? (495) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. Rapid fire development
B. Ventilation-limited environments
C. Fire that has moved into the growth stage
D. Ventilated compartments in the decay stage

Answer 8

A. Rapid fire development

Question 9

If ventilation is performed without coordinating fire attack, no amount of additional ____ will cause a fire to become fuel-limited or prevent flashover. (496) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. time
B. water
C. personnel
D. ventilation

Answer 9

D. ventilation

Question 10

What will proper ventilation alone do to interior fire conditions? (496) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. Conditions inside the structure will not be altered significantly.
B. Decrease the rate of fire spread and increase visibility in the long term.
C. Increase the rate of fire spread and visibility for a very short period.
D. Decrease the rate of fire spread and increase visibility for a very short period.

Answer 10

D. Decrease the rate of fire spread and increase visibility for a very short period.

Question 11

What BEST describes how hot fire gases flow during ventilation operations? (497) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. The dense, heavy smoke tends to fall out of openings, pulling less dense air in.
B. Gases less dense than air are not buoyant, sink, and move to areas of lower pressure.
C. Less dense hot gases escape, creating low pressure that draws in cooler ambient air down low.
D. The low pressure hot gases are pushed out openings higher up the structure by the cooler, high pressure atmosphere below.

Answer 11

C. Less dense hot gases escape, creating low pressure that draws in cooler ambient air down low.

Question 12

Tactical ventilation that is implemented during or after suppression can create an interior environment with increased: (498) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. fuel load.
B. temperature levels.
C. concentration of toxic products of combustion.
D. visibility to aid in fire fighting operations and primary search operations.

Answer 12

D. visibility to aid in fire fighting operations and primary search operations.

Question 13

How is tactical, coordinated ventilation typically used for life safety applications? (498) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. To alter the flow path away from trapped occupants
B. To prevent the spread of fire during defensive operations
C. To remove smoke and gases from unoccupied areas of the structure
D. To prevent further damage to the structure from smoke exposure

Answer 13

A. To alter the flow path away from trapped occupants

Question 14

What is the goal of tactical ventilation performed as part of overhaul? (499) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. Clear a path for rescuers and victims
B. Reduce smoke damage to the structure
C. Remove heat in order to get closer to the seat of the fire
D. Increase the survivability of the atmosphere for any remaining victims

Answer 14

B. Reduce smoke damage to the structure

Question 15

Successful tactical ventilation conducted in conjunction with fire attack depends upon: (500) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. coordinating with other fireground activities.
B. implementing vertical ventilation as soon as possible.
C. creating as many openings in the structure as possible.
D. creating a controlled exhaust point before entering the structure.

Answer 15

A. coordinating with other fireground activities.

Question 16

Which condition specific to tactical ventilation should be communicated to crew members and/or a supervisor? (500) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. Location of utility shut-offs
B. Location of the incident safety officer
C. Locations where smoke is escaping the structure
D. Locations of additional hydrants or static water sources

Answer 16

C. Locations where smoke is escaping the structure

Question 17

As a way of monitoring for unplanned ventilation and loss of structural integrity, what is one of the two assumptions that firefighters should make to guide their decisions when ventilating a structure? (500) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. The fire in the structure is ventilation-limited.
B. The structure has already been venting by the time you arrive.
C. The structure itself consists of ordinary (Type III) construction.
D. The fire in the structure is consuming ordinary combustibles (Class A).

Answer 17

A. The fire in the structure is ventilation-limited.

Question 18

What is a safety consideration for tactical ventilation when working in windy conditions? (501) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. Work on the leeward side of the structure.
B. You are safest working with the wind at your back.
C. The effect of strong winds on smoke can be countered with vertical ventilation.
D. As long as the fire is inside the structure, outside winds will not affect the growth or spread of the fire.

Answer 18

B. You are safest working with the wind at your back.

Question 19

Which is an example of tactical ventilation affecting exposures? (502) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. Inspection holes cause damage to the roof, but can be easily repaired if needed.
B. Fire may be drawn into exterior windows of the adjacent buildings.
C. Creating openings for tactical ventilation may lead to loss of structural integrity.
D. An uncontrolled flow path will not effectively remove smoke from a building during overhaul.

Answer 19

B. Fire may be drawn into exterior windows of the adjacent buildings.

Question 20

What is NOT an indication of a possible roof collapse? (503) [4.3.12]

A. Pitched roof
B. Spongy roof
C. Melting asphalt
D. Sagging HVAC unit

Answer 20

A. Pitched roof

Question 21

What type of tool used during ventilation is designed for pulling or opening ceilings? (504) [4.3.12]

A. Pry bar
B. Pike pole
C. Chain saw
D. Flat head axe

Answer 21

B. Pike pole

Question 22

What type of equipment would be used as a wind or smoke control device? (505) [4.3.11, 4.3.12]

A. A flexible duct
B. A small electric fan
C. A heavy curtain or something similar
D. A specialized fog nozzle for hydraulic ventilation

Answer 22

C. A heavy curtain or something similar

Question 23

What is the BEST description of how to conduct inspection and maintenance of ventilation equipment? (505) [4.5.1]

A. Follow manufacturer instructions for inspecting and maintaining power tools.
B. All power tools must be inspected and maintained by certified factory technicians.
C. Engine companies should establish monthly SOPs for inspection and maintenance.
D. Power tools are generally very dependable and do not require routine maintenance and inspection.

Answer 23

A. Follow manufacturer instructions for inspecting and maintaining power tools.

Question 24

Opening windows and doors on the downwind side first in order to create an exhaust point is part of: (506) [4.3.11]

A. vertical ventilation.
B. hydraulic ventilation.
C. unassisted ventilation.
D. wind-assisted ventilation.

Answer 24

D. wind-assisted ventilation.

Question 25

If only a single opening is made on a compartment filled with fire, that opening will: (506) [4.3.11] A. not affect ventilation. B. create an intake for fresh air to feed the fire. C. create an exhaust point of smoke and hot gases. D. serve as both a vent that lets in fresh air and an exhaust port that lets out smoke and hot gases.

Answer 25

D. serve as both a vent that lets in fresh air and an exhaust port that lets out smoke and hot gases.

Question 26

What is an example of mechanical horizontal ventilation? (507) [4.3.11] A. Creating openings on the windward and leeward side B. Using a fan to create positive pressure inside a structure C. Making long trench cuts on the roof for defensive operations D. Using power tools to make as many exhaust openings as possible

Answer 26

B. Using a fan to create positive pressure inside a structure

Question 27

Never direct a ________ horizontal exhaust opening when interior attack crews are inside the structure because it will force smoke, heat, and steam toward them. (507) [4.3.11] A. fog stream into B. solid stream into C. fog stream out of D. solid stream out of

Answer 27

A. fog stream into

Question 28

What would be a typical use of mechanical horizontal ventilation after fire suppression? (508) [4.3.11] A. To remove heat from the building B. Removing contaminated atmospheres C. Creating a safe haven inside the structure D. To cool the building while firefighters look for survivors

Answer 28

B. Removing contaminated atmospheres

Question 29

What statement about negative-pressure ventilation is correct? (509) [4.3.11] A. It requires that the opening around the fan be sealed. B. It must be used with a fan pushing air into the structure. C. It removes smoke more effectively than positive-pressure ventilation. D. It uses an electric blower that often hangs on a door to blow fresh air into the building.

Answer 29

A. It requires that the opening around the fan be sealed.

Question 30

Positive-pressure fans work best on: (509) [4.3.11] A. fully involved structure fires. B. fires confined to a compartment. C. structure fires with only one opening. D. structure fires requiring defensive operations.

Answer 30

B. fires confined to a compartment. ✨It takes a special kind of person to do this. I am in awe of you.✨

Question 31

What BEST describes a positive-pressure attack? (509) [4.3.11] A. Using a smoke ejector to remove contaminated atmosphere during salvage and overhaul operations B. Controlling air flow within the structure with a positive-pressure fan during the initial stages of fire suppression C. Placing a positive-pressure fan at an intake point in order to push as much smoke out of as many exhaust points as quickly as possible D. Cutting a hole in the roof or opening a door to remove hot gases and smoke to provide firefighters and victims a more viable atmosphere

Answer 31

B. Controlling air flow within the structure with a positive-pressure fan during the initial stages of fire suppression

Question 32

In which scenario will a positive-pressure attack be MOST effective? (510) [4.3.11] A. The exhaust-to-intake ratio is less than 1 to 1. B. The exhaust opening is located outside of the fire compartment. C. Additional exhaust openings remote to the fire compartment are opened. D. The exhaust opening keeps the pressure in the fire room lower than the remainder of the structure.

Answer 32

D. The exhaust opening keeps the pressure in the fire room lower than the remainder of the structure.

Question 33

What action will create effective positive-pressure ventilation? (511) [4.3.11] A. Lower the pressure inside the structure B. Create a higher pressure inside the building to pull out smoke C. Use higher pressure inside the structure to push smoke toward lower-pressure exhausts D. Position a positive-pressure fan to create negative pressure inside the structure that pulls smoke out

Answer 33

C. Use higher pressure inside the structure to push smoke toward lower-pressure exhausts

Question 34

What is a disadvantage of positive-pressure ventilation (PPV)? (512) [4.3.11] A. PPV is not effective with vertical ventilation. B. PPV cannot take advantage of wind conditions. C. Hidden fires may be accelerated and spread throughout the building. D. Firefighters cannot set up PPV blowers without entering a smoke-filled environment.

Answer 34

C. Hidden fires may be accelerated and spread throughout the building.

Question 35

When using positive-pressure ventilation to ventilate a multistory building, it is best to: (512) [4.3.11] A. use multiple smoke ejectors (one on every floor). B. avoid using fans anywhere inside of the building. C. apply positive pressure at the lowest point (ground level). D. apply positive pressure on the top floor first and work your way down.

Answer 35

C. apply positive pressure at the lowest point (ground level).

Question 36

The farther the nozzle is from an exhaust opening while performing hydraulic ventilation, the: (513) [4.3.11] A. more air entrains into the fog pattern. B. slower air will be moved out of the structure. C. smaller the opening must be to move smoke out. D. more water is required to move the same amount of air.

Answer 36

A. more air entrains into the fog pattern.

Question 37

What is a disadvantage of hydraulic ventilation? (513) [4.3.11] A. Water supply is depleted. B. When done correctly, water damage increases within the structure. C. Hydraulic ventilation requires at least four firefighters in order to be effective. D. Firefighters operating the nozzle must remain outside the structure where they cannot observe interior

Answer 37

A. Water supply is depleted.

Question 38

What is a factor that can reduce the effectiveness of vertical ventilation? (515) [4.3.12] A. Peaked roofs B. Unopened doors and windows C. Burn-through of the roof, floors, or walls D. Straight streams directed into ventilation openings

Answer 38

C. Burn-through of the roof, floors, or walls

Question 39

What is a safety precaution that should be observed during vertical ventilation? (515) [4.3.12] A. Remain on the roof after ventilation work is completed. B. When using a power saw, make sure that the angle of the cut is away from the body. C. Do not start a power saw on the ground; ensure operation once it has been brought to the roof. D. When operating from aerial ladder platforms, the floor of the platform should be slightly below roof level.

Answer 39

B. When using a power saw, make sure that the angle of the cut is away from the body.

Question 40

Firefighters should never direct a fog stream into a vertical exhaust opening when: (516) [4.3.12] A. flames can be seen through the opening. B. black smoke is coming from the opening. C. interior attack crews are inside the structure. D. other openings in the structure already exist.

Answer 40

C. interior attack crews are inside the structure.

Question 41

What can sounding the roof with the blunt end of a tool tell you about the condition of the roof? (516) [4.3.12] A. If the roof feels spongy, the structural members beneath the sheathing are solid. B. If the roof feels solid, the roof sheathing has not been weakened. C. If the roof feels solid, the structural members beneath the sheathing may still fail under fire conditions. D. Sounding of the roof is no longer considered a reliable means to determine the condition of any part of a roof.

Answer 41

C. If the roof feels solid, the structural members beneath the sheathing may still fail under fire conditions.

Question 42

What is one responsibility of the roof ventilation team leader? (517) [4.3.12] A. Protecting surrounding exposures. B. Ensuring positive-pressure ventilation is in place. C. Directing that only one firefighter remains on the roof at a time. D. Directing efforts to minimize secondary damage (damage that fire-fighting operations cause).

Answer 42

D. Directing efforts to minimize secondary damage (damage that fire-fighting operations cause).

Question 43

The two primary types of inspection holes cut in roofs are the kerf cut and the: (518) [4.3.12] A. trench cut. B. square cut. C. D cut. D. triangle cut.

Answer 43

D. triangle cut.

Question 44

Which statement about a kerf cut is true? (518) [4.3.12] A. It generally takes longer to cut than a trench cut. B. It is as wide and long as the width of a saw or axe blade. C. It only shows whether or not smoke or flame is escaping the cut. D. It provides a better view of the extent of the fire inside the roof than the triangle cut does.

Answer 44

C. It only shows whether or not smoke or flame is escaping the cut.

Question 45

Where should the hole be cut when ventilating shingle-covered pitched roofs? (519) [4.3.12] A. Across the peak of the roof. B. On the bottom edge of the roof, just next to the ladder. C. A few inches (mm) below the peak on the downwind side. D. As close to the center of the roof as possible on the downwind side.

Answer 45

C. A few inches (mm) below the peak on the downwind side.

Question 46

On industrial buildings with thick metal roofs, it may be easier and faster to: (519) [4.3.12] A. slice or chop open the roof with an axe. B. open skylights, monitors, or scuttle hatches. C. use a large sledgehammer to smash through metal sheathing. D. create trench cuts using a carbide tip chain saw or rotary saw.

Answer 46

B. open skylights, monitors, or scuttle hatches.

Question 47

In what type of scenario would the IC order firefighters to create a trench cut? (520) [4.3.12] A. Only a minimal amount of personnel are available. B. The main body of the fire is too large to extinguish. C. The fire is reasonably contained within a single compartment. D. Ventilation needs to be completed quickly and with little risk.

Answer 47

B. The main body of the fire is too large to extinguish.

Question 48

What is an advantage of creating a trench cut? (520) [4.3.12] A. Works well in large buildings. B. Requires minimal personnel and time to accomplish. C. Is the fastest and easiest way to visualize fire conditions in the structure. D. Can be used to establish offensive operations in the attic space of residential buildings.

Answer 48

A. Works well in large buildings.

Question 49

What type of fires would firefighters likely have to descend through intense rising heat and smoke to get to the seat of the fire if ventilation is not effective? (522) [4.3.12] A. Garage fires. B. High-rise fires. C. Basement fires. D. Commercial structure fires.

Answer 49

C. Basement fires.

Question 50

Which statement about breaching floors is correct? (523) [4.3.12] A. Wooden subfloors over wooden joists should never be breached. B. Breaching floors is not an acceptable method of ventilating basements of any kind. C. A wooden floor is easily penetrated if fire suppression or rescue operations are required. D. When breaching, firefighters should be aware that upper floors of buildings may be finished with lightweight concrete.

Answer 50

D. When breaching, firefighters should be aware that upper floors of buildings may be finished with lightweight concrete.

Question 51

When ventilating windowless buildings: (525) [4.3.11, 4.3.12] A. the normal HVAC system should be kept running or turned on. B. the best option will be to cut openings in the walls and/or roofs. C. mechanical ventilation is unnecessary for removing hot gases and smoke. D. HVAC systems need to be brought under fire department control as soon as possible.

Answer 51

D. HVAC systems need to be brought under fire department control as soon as possible.

Question 52

What is the stack effect? (525) [4.3.11, 4.3.12] A. Trapped gases from fire cool quickly and fall to lower levels of the structure. B. Fire, smoke, and hot gases move upward through a high rise, creating an upward draft. C. Smoke and hot gases cool in pipe chases, stairways, and elevator shafts and get released into a burning compartment. D. Outcome of combustion in a multistory structure in which gases tend to form into layers, according to temperature, density, and pressure.

Answer 52

B. Fire, smoke, and hot gases move upward through a high rise, creating an upward draft.

Question 53

When performing tactical ventilation using stairwells in a high rise, where will additional personnel need to be assigned? (526) [4.3.12] A. At the entrance to monitor PPV fans. B. At the entrance of the structure. C. At regular intervals in the stairwell monitoring conditions. D. At doors to the stairwell to monitor for occupants entering the stairwell.

Answer 53

D. At doors to the stairwell to monitor for occupants entering the stairwell.