Chapter 14 Flashcards
(71 cards)
To extinguish a fire by reducing its temperature, enough water must be applied to stop the gas phase chemical reaction and:
A. Push out any remaining oxygen.
B. Absorb the heat being generated.
C. Displace the remaining fuel load.
D. Break apart the fuel’s molecular structure.
B. Absorb the heat being generated.
What is the most effective method available for the extinguishment of smoldering fires?
A. Cooling with water.
B. Fuel removal using foam.
C. Chemical flame inhibition.
D. Removing oxygen with water.
A. Cooling with water.
What happens when firefighters attempt to use water to reduce the temperature of hot products of combustion in the upper gas layer of an interior fire?
A. Eliminates the potential for flashover.
B. Does not affect radiant heat flux from the upper layer.
C. Limits or stops flaming combustion in the upper layer.
D. Increases the pyrolysis process of combustible materials.
C. Limits or stops flaming combustion in the upper layer.
A coordinated combination of cooling hot fire gases from the exterior using a straight stream paired with tactical ventilation will:
A. Lower the risk that a fuel-limited fire will reignite.
B. Lower the risk that a ventilation-limited fire will reignite.
C. Entrains additional air into the fire, which will cause it to re-enter the growth stage as it receives more oxygen.
D. Create dangerous amounts of steam that will make the environment untenable and threaten the lives of any occupants.
B. Lower the risk that a ventilation-limited fire will reignite.
What will cause hot gases within the fire compartment to contract?
A. Rapid steam production and tactical ventilation.
B. Coordinated ventilation without the use of water.
C. Large diameter hose and an adjustable fog nozzle technique.
D. Appropriate amount of water and good nozzle techniques.
D. Appropriate amount of water and good nozzle techniques.
What is an example of oxygen exclusion being used as a method of fire extinguishment?
A. Closing doors in order to contain compartment fires.
B. Applying a solid stream to the ceiling during wildland operations.
C. Changing a fire’s reach to create a fire line extinguisher.
D. Using a dry chemical fire extinguisher to extinguish a liquid fuel fire.
A. Closing doors in order to contain compartment fires.
What is a pre-entry consideration critical to firefighter safety and effectiveness?
A. Communicating to the IC that primary search is complete.
B. Determining the number and location of victims inside the structure.
C. Ensuring that proper tactical ventilation has been successfully accomplished.
D. Identifying potential emergency escape routes such as other doors and windows.
D. Identifying potential emergency escape routes such as other doors and windows.
The firefighter assigned to the nozzle should _____ before entering the building or fire area:
A. Ensure the hoseline remains uncharged.
B. Determine the location of the seat of the fire.
C. Open the nozzle fully to check for adequate flow.
D. Check to make sure that the nozzle is fully closed.
C. Open the nozzle fully to check for adequate flow.
What happens if a fire is ventilation-controlled and the door is kept open after making entry into the structure or fire compartment?
A. A significant increase in heat release rate can quickly occur.
B. Air will rush in, reducing the risk of flashover by removing unburned fuel in the form of smoke.
C. Smoke and hot air will be released, making the structure more tenable for the remainder of the operation.
D. Unburned fuel in the form of smoke will escape at the bottom of the doorway, while fresh air will enter at the top.
A. A significant increase in heat release rate can quickly occur.
When at the entry point of a structure fire with an upper layer of smoke and hot gases, what actions will help to improve interior conditions?
A. Use a narrow fog pattern to entrain air into the structure.
B. Apply water to the ceiling using a straight stream in a side-to-side motion.
C. Apply water horizontally into the fire using short bursts of a straight stream.
D. Open the nozzle to a wide fog stream that envelops as much of the door opening as possible.
B. Apply water to the ceiling using a straight stream in a side-to-side motion.
What should you do if preflashover conditions, such as a high volume of turbulent smoke and a low neutral plane, are observed upon opening the door?
A. Back away and keep the door open.
B. Close the door and order tactical ventilation.
C. Apply water to the hot gas layer but do not enter the structure.
D. Do not apply water to the hot gas layer and do not enter the structure.
C. Apply water to the hot gas layer but do not enter the structure.
Doors throughout the structure between the entrance and the fire should be:
A. Controlled to limit air flow along the flow path.
B. Opened to allow smoke and hot gases to escape the structure.
C. Locked, if possible, to ensure that fire safety is maintained.
D. Propped open to create additional exit points within the structure.
A. Controlled to limit air flow along the flow path.
In what type of scenario is gas cooling the most effective?
A. The structure is fully involved.
B. A defensive position must be taken to protect exposures.
C. You are in the same compartment as the fire and are working directly below the hot gas layer.
D. The fire cannot be seen because it is located in a remote part of the structure or objects are shielding it from view.
D. The fire cannot be seen because it is located in a remote part of the structure or objects are shielding it from view.
What statement about the hot gas layer that accumulates at the top of a fire compartment is true?
A. Smoke traps heat but does not burn.
B. Cooling the hot gas layer slows the transfer of heat to other combustibles.
C. Once smoke and hot gases begin to accumulate, the process of pyrolysis in the compartment is complete.
D. Hot smoke will radiate heat, increase pyrolysis within the room, and reduce flammable fuel in the gas layer.
B. Cooling the hot gas layer slows the transfer of heat to other combustibles.
What is a guideline for cooling a hot gas layer?
A. In large-volume compartments, the nozzle pattern may need to be narrower.
B. The pulses of water shot into the hot gas layer should never be greater than half a second each.
C. The nozzle pattern may need to be adjusted based on the fire conditions in the compartment.
D. If water droplets fall out of the overhead smoke layer after spraying, the gases have not been cooled sufficiently.
C. The nozzle pattern may need to be adjusted based on the fire conditions in the compartment.
A direct attack made on an interior fire:
A. Can be made from inside or outside a structure.
B. Cools the compartment but fills it with smoke and steam.
C. Applies water on the burning fuel until the fire is extinguished.
D. Uses the walls and ceiling to deflect or bank the stream onto the fire.
C. Applies water on the burning fuel until the fire is extinguished.
What must be done in order to make an indirect attack on the fire from the exterior?
A. A wide fog pattern is introduced through an opening and directed at the ceiling.
B. A solid stream is introduced through an opening and applied to the seat of the fire.
C. The stream is directed toward the ceiling or banked off the walls to cool the room.
D. A solid or straight stream is introduced through an opening and directed at the walls where the temperature is the highest.
C. The stream is directed toward the ceiling or banked off the walls to cool the room.
What is a characteristic of a combination attack?
A. It helps transform the fire from ventilation-limited conditions to fuel-limited conditions.
B. It is designed to cool hot gases but is accomplished from the exterior rather than the interior.
C. Water is applied as a means of disturbing the thermal layering in order to disrupt an environment on the verge of flashover.
D. It combines the steam-generating technique of a ceiling-level attack with an attack on the burning materials near floor level.
D. It combines the steam-generating technique of a ceiling-level attack with an attack on the burning materials near floor level.
Why is it important for firefighters to be aware of how much water they are applying during fire attack?
A. Applying too little water will cause the fire to become fuel-limited.
B. Applying too much water may cause the fire to transition into the decay stage.
C. Applying too little water will cause the fire to give off toxic products of combustion.
D. Applying too much water may cause unnecessary water damage and disturb thermal layering.
D. Applying too much water may cause unnecessary water damage and disturb thermal layering.
What is the purpose of making a transitional attack?
A. It knocks down the seat of the fire as quickly as possible.
B. It protects firefighters during an interior attack by cooling hot gases overhead.
C. It stops fire growth and contains the fire to a single compartment or area of the structure.
D. It reduces the potential for flashover and creates a more survivable interior environment.
D. It reduces the potential for flashover and creates a more survivable interior environment.
Using a straight stream instead of a fog stream in well-involved, unventilated interior fires will generally:
A. Create less steam.
B. Upset the thermal layering.
C. Entrain a higher volume of air.
D. Have less reach to the main body of a fire.
A. Create less steam.
What is a consideration for extinguishing fire in upper levels of structures?
A. Some departmental SOPs may allow firefighters to be transported to the fire floor via elevators.
B. If the standpipe connection is in a protected stairway, hoselines must not be connected on the fire floor.
C. In structures that lack standpipes, fire attack should move up the stairway farthest from the fire location.
D. In structures equipped with standpipe systems, the location of the standpipe connection determines the fire attack method.
D. In structures equipped with standpipe systems, the location of the standpipe connection determines the fire attack method.
What is a hazard closely associated with fires in unfinished basements?
A. Floor joists are exposed to the fire and will fail sooner than a ceiling protected with drywall.
B. The fuel load on the floor above the basement can quickly cause burn through of the sub-floor and threaten structural collapse.
C. They can require large numbers of personnel to conduct large-scale evacuations, carry tools and equipment, and maintain a sustained fire attack.
D. These spaces have an excessive fuel load and often contain hazardous materials that pose explosive and/or toxic hazards to occupants and firefighters.
A. Floor joists are exposed to the fire and will fail sooner than a ceiling protected with drywall.
Once firefighters have verified from the outside that the floor above the basement is there, what is the only reliable way to determine if the floor is structurally sound?
A. Sounding with a tool.
B. Using a thermal imager (TI).
C. Visually inspecting the floor joists.
D. Listening for cracking, moaning, or popping.
C. Visually inspecting the floor joists.
