Chapter 13

Question 1

Broken water mains and hydrants located on dead-end water mains are examples of:

A. Failures or reduction in water supply (volume) or pressure from hydrants.
B. Possible problems firefighters may face when drafting from a static water source.
C. Symptoms of placing a greater demand on the water supply system than it can provide.
D. Why fire hydrants are not the most dependable water supply for firefighting operations.

Answer 1

A. Failures or reduction in water supply (volume) or pressure from hydrants.

Question 2

The internal working parts of a fire hydrant are usually made of:

A. Bronze.
B. Cast iron.
C. Aluminum.
D. Tungsten carbide.

Answer 2

A. Bronze.

Question 3

What hydrant discharge outlets are considered standard?

A. At least three hose outlets of any size.
B. At least two hose outlets for 2½-inch (65 mm) couplings.
C. At least two large outlets often referred to as steamer connections.
D. At least one large outlet (4 or 4½-inch [100 mm or 115 mm]) and two hose outlets for 2½-inch (65 mm) couplings.

Answer 3

D. At least one large outlet (4 or 4½-inch [100 mm or 115 mm]) and two hose outlets for 2½-inch (65 mm) couplings.

Question 4

What do standard fire hydrant outlets have that allow fire departments to connect hoses to them?

A. Male threads.
B. Female threads.
C. Storz couplings.
D. A male and female threaded wye.

Answer 4

A. Male threads.

Question 5

What statement about dry-barrel hydrants is true?

A. Horizontal compression valves are usually at each outlet.
B. They can only be used with pumpers that have drafting capabilities.
C. The stem nut used to open and close the control valve is on top of the hydrant.
D. They are designed for use in climates that do not experience freezing temperatures.

Answer 5

C. The stem nut used to open and close the control valve is on top of the hydrant.

Question 6

What statement about wet-barrel hydrants is true?

A. Turning the stem clockwise opens the valve.
B. Horizontal compression valves are usually at each outlet.
C. They are designed for use in climates with freezing temperatures.
D. The main control valve is located at the base or foot of the hydrant below the frost line.

Answer 6

B. Horizontal compression valves are usually at each outlet.

Question 7

When a dry-barrel hydrant is open and there is a broken component in the hydrant barrel, you will see:

A. Water discharging only from the largest outlet.
B. Water bubbling up out of the ground at the base.
C. Streams of water shooting from the steamer connection.
D. A sucking effect that can be heard from the discharge outlets.

Answer 7

B. Water bubbling up out of the ground at the base.

Question 8

What tool is designed to remove discharge caps from hydrant outlets and open fire hydrant valves?

A. Box wrench.
B. Stem wrench.
C. Spanner wrench.
D. Hydrant wrench.

Answer 8

D. Hydrant wrench.

Question 9

What is a consideration for opening wet- and dry-barrel hydrants?

A. The barrels of all hydrants should drain sufficiently when not in use.
B. All hydrants should be opened slowly, but can be closed quickly if necessary.
C. Closing a hydrant too quickly can damage piping and appliances of adjacent residences.
D. As the main valve moves up, a drain valve is opened to allow water to drain from the barrel.

Answer 9

C. Closing a hydrant too quickly can damage piping and appliances of adjacent residences.

Question 10

When the stem nut of a dry-barrel hydrant is turned counterclockwise:

A. The hydrant is shut down.
B. The main valve moves down.
C. A ball valve opens and allows water to flow.
D. Water is discharged through the steamer connection.

Answer 10

B. The main valve moves down.

Question 11

Dry-barrel hydrants should be either completely open or completely closed because if they are not:

A. A partially closed water main can lead to water hammer.
B. The stem nut can become loose and will be unable to thread the valve.
C. The gaskets on the connections can become loose and degrade over time.
D. The drain hole remains open and can erode the soil around the base of the hydrant.

Answer 11

D. The drain hole remains open and can erode the soil around the base of the hydrant.

Question 12

How can you verify that a dry-barrel hydrant is draining when shut down?

A. A pool of water will form at the base of the hydrant.
B. A gurgling sound will emit from one of the discharges.
C. A hissing sound will stop once the main valve has been closed fully.
D. A slight vacuum should be felt pulling your palm toward a single open discharge.

Answer 12

D. A slight vacuum should be felt pulling your palm toward a single open discharge.

Question 13

Which statement about connecting a pumper to a hydrant with a soft suction hose is correct?

A. If the hydrant does not have a 4½-inch (115 mm) or larger connection, soft suction hose cannot be used.
B. Connecting a pumper to two 2½-inch (65 mm) outlets on a hydrant requires a siamese and a wye appliance.
C. Making hydrant connections with soft suction hose is considerably more difficult than making connections with hard suction hose.
D. It is more efficient to connect a 4½-inch (115 mm) or larger intake hose to a hydrant with only 2½-inch (65 mm) outlets using a reducer coupling.

Answer 13

D. It is more efficient to connect a 4½-inch (115 mm) or larger intake hose to a hydrant with only 2½-inch (65 mm) outlets using a reducer coupling.

Question 14

Connecting a pumper to a fire hydrant using hard intake hose:

A. Is rarely done because it moves water inefficiently.
B. Involves the same steps and actions as drafting from a static water source.
C. Can be considerably more difficult because it requires careful positioning of the pumper.
D. Is often the best choice because it can be done far more quickly and efficiently than making connections with soft intake hose.

Answer 14

C. Can be considerably more difficult because it requires careful positioning of the pumper.

Question 15

Water shuttle operations and relay pumping are two good options for establishing water supply when:

A. Available personnel are limited.
B. Static water sources are rare or nonexistent.
C. Water distribution systems have inadequate volume and pressure.
D. Maneuverability on the fireground is limited due to narrow roads or tight corners.

Answer 15

C. Water distribution systems have inadequate volume and pressure.

Question 16

Swimming pools, large above-ground animal water tanks, and portable water tanks are considered to be:

A. Static water sources.
B. Temporary drop sites.
C. Inadequate sources for drafting operations.
D. Access points on water distribution systems.

Answer 16

A. Static water sources.

Question 16

What is a critical consideration when determining static water sources?

A. Vehicle access to the site.
B. Availability of soft suction hose.
C. Access to dry hydrant connections at the water source.
D. Availability of at least two pumpers and/or tanker companies.

Answer 16

A. Vehicle access to the site.

Question 17

Intake strainers attached to the drafting end of a hard-suction hose:

A. Should not be allowed to rest at the bottom of a swimming pool.
B. Must not rest on the bottom of a static water source such as a river or pond.
C. Should be tied to a heavy object that is sunk to the bottom of the static water source.
D. Must be monitored constantly because they may allow small pieces of debris to enter the pump.

Answer 17

B. Must not rest on the bottom of a static water source such as a river or pond.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of three key components to water shuttle operations?

A. Dump site at the fire.
B. Fill site at the water source.
C. Additional apparatus to draft water to attack pumper.
D. Mobile water supply apparatus to haul water from fill site.

Answer 18

C. Additional apparatus to draft water to attack pumper.

Question 19

What is the optimal arrangement at a water shuttle dump site?

A. Portable tanks should be set up so only one apparatus can offload at one time.
B. Portable tanks should be as level as possible to ensure maximum capacity.
C. When multiple portable tanks are required, they should be at least an apparatus distance away from one another.
D. When using multiple portable tanks, a jet siphon should be attached to a soft sleeve hose placed between two tanks.

Answer 19

B. Portable tanks should be as level as possible to ensure maximum capacity.

Question 20

What type of tool can be used to protect hose from hazards as they go over parapets and window sills?

A. Hose rollers.
B. Hose bridge.
C. Chafing block.
D. Hose rope/chain.

Answer 20

A. Hose rollers.

Question 21

What is the purpose of using chafing blocks when deploying hose?

A. Keeps hose out of contaminated run-off.
B. Protects hose from abrasions caused by vibrations.
C. Contains hoses so that they do not become entangled.
D. Provides protection against vehicles driving over hose.

Answer 21

B. Protects hose from abrasions caused by vibrations.

Question 22

What type of valve is used on large pump intakes and incorporates a flat baffle that turns 90 degrees?

A. Ball valve.
B. Gate valve.
C. Clapper valve.
D. Butterfly valve.

Answer 22

D. Butterfly valve.

Question 23

What type of valve incorporates a flat disk hinged on one side which swings open and closed to allow water to flow only one direction?

A. Ball valve.
B. Gate valve.
C. Clapper valve.
D. Butterfly valve.

Answer 23

C. Clapper valve.

Question 24

What type valve is used to control the flow from a hydrant? A. Ball valve. B. Gate valve. C. Clapper valve. D. Butterfly valve.

Answer 24

B. Gate valve.

Question 25

All wye appliances have: A. Clapper valves that control inlet streams. B. Two or more female inlets and one male outlet. C. One single female inlet and two or more male outlets. D. An inlet and outlet of matching sizes with additional smaller outlets.

Answer 25

C. One single female inlet and two or more male outlets.

Question 26

What type of hose appliance combines multiple hoselines into one? A. Wye. B. Siamese. C. Water thief. D. Large-diameter hose manifold.

Answer 26

B. Siamese.

Question 27

A hose fitting used to connect a smaller-diameter hoseline to the end of a larger one is commonly called a(n): A. Wye. B. Adapter. C. Reducer. D. Water thief.

Answer 27

C. Reducer.

Question 28

Which statement about forward lays is true? A. They are the quickest way to lay hose if the apparatus laying the hose must stay at the water source. B. The primary disadvantage is that the supply line must be removed by hand as the apparatus moves forward. C. The first coupling to come off the hose bed for a forward lay should be female unless two-way couplings (Storz) are used. D. After the connection is made, the firefighter should open the stem valve, and then communicate that water is on the way to the pumper.

Answer 28

C. The first coupling to come off the hose bed for a forward lay should be female unless two-way couplings (Storz) are used.

Question 29

When making a hydrant connection during a forward lay, what would be the next step after removing enough supply hose to reach the hydrant? A. Slowly open the stem valve. B. Wrap the hoseline around the hydrant. C. Signal to the driver that it is safe to proceed to the fire. D. Remove the discharge cap and attach the hose to the hydrant.

Answer 29

B. Wrap the hoseline around the hydrant. ✨ I'm so proud of youuuu✨

Question 30

In which situation would a four-way hydrant valve likely be used? A. If the supply line is a long length of 2½- or 3-inch (65 mm or 77 mm) hose. B. If the flow of water from the hydrant must be interrupted to add or replace a length of hose. C. If the hydrant has unconventional discharge diameters and/or a LDH connection is unavailable. D. If the hydrant is being used to fill tanker/tenders or portable tanks and must be opened and closed frequently.

Answer 30

A. If the supply line is a long length of 2½- or 3-inch (65 mm or 77 mm) hose.

Question 31

Which statement about reverse lays is true? A. The reverse lay most directly supplements hydrant pressure and establishes drafting operations. B. Hose beds set up for reverse lays should be loaded so that the first coupling to come off the hose bed is female. C. The primary advantage is that a pumper can remain at the incident scene so hose, equipment, and tools are readily available if needed. D. When a pumper goes to the fire after laying a supply line, a reverse lay should be deployed from the water source to the incident scene.

Answer 31

A. The reverse lay most directly supplements hydrant pressure and establishes drafting operations.

Question 32

When reverse-laying a supply hose, connecting a four-way hydrant valve: A. Is required because hose beds set up for forward lays will not have male and female connections reversed. B. Does not provide a means of switching from pump pressure to hydrant pressure without interrupting the flow. C. Provides no additional benefits and demands time and manpower that is best used for fire suppression operations. D. Can be done if the pumper may have to disconnect from the supply hose later and leave the hose connected to the hydrant.

Answer 32

D. Can be done if the pumper may have to disconnect from the supply hose later and leave the hose connected to the hydrant.

Question 33

Advancing the ________ preconnect load involves the firefighter placing the nozzle and the fold of the first tier on his or her shoulder and walking away from the apparatus toward the fire. A. Hotel. B. Donut. C. Triple-layer. D. Minuteman.

Answer 33

C. Triple-layer.

Question 34

Advancing hoselines is easiest when: A. Moving down stairways. B. The line is already charged. C. Carrying the hose over flat surfaces. D. Deploying hose from standpipes in stairwells.

Answer 34

C. Carrying the hose over flat surfaces.

Question 35

When advancing a hose into a structure: A. An uncharged attack hoseline should first be advanced to the designated point of entry. B. Two firefighters must remain at the entry point to guide the charged hoseline into the structure. C. The nozzle operator and the other team member should position on opposite sides of the hoseline. D. The hose should not be charged until needed because of the difficulty in dragging it through doorways and around corners.

Answer 35

A. An uncharged attack hoseline should first be advanced to the designated point of entry.

Question 36

The ________ load and carry is excellent for use on stairways because the hose is carried instead of dragged and is deployed as needed. A. Flat. B. Skid. C. Minuteman. D. Triple-layer.

Answer 36

C. Minuteman.

Question 37

When advancing a charged hoseline up a stairway: A. Avoid positioning a firefighter at turns or doorways if possible. B. Excess hose should be coiled one floor below to avoid additional pinch points. C. Excess hose should be deployed on the stairs toward the floor above the fire floor. D. Lay the uncharged portion of the hose against the outside wall to keep the stairs as clear as possible.

Answer 37

C. Excess hose should be deployed on the stairs toward the floor above the fire floor.

Question 38

If a second hoseline is being added to a standpipe connection, it should be deployed: A. On to a different floor to avoid confusion. B. Directly from the floor with the standpipe connection. C. Along the edge of the hose already deployed above the fire floor. D. Down the lower set of stairs, away from the one already deployed up the stairway.

Answer 38

D. Down the lower set of stairs, away from the one already deployed up the stairway.

Question 39

In what type of structure would you MOST likely need to create an improvised standpipe? A. A large residence in a new housing addition. B. A three-story hotel built during the early 20th century. C. A big box store with inoperable fire department connections. D. A single-story auditorium constructed with bow-string trusses.

Answer 39

B. A three-story hotel built during the early 20th century.

Question 40

An outside stretch improvised standpipe: A. Can be used for lower floors of high-rise buildings. B. Has the advantage of not needing to be secured to anchor points. C. Requires the use of an aerial device to lift the hoseline into place. D. Should be constructed by first dropping the female end over the handrail and down the center of the stairwell.

Answer 40

A. Can be used for lower floors of high-rise buildings.

Question 41

A hoseline should be advanced up a ladder: A. With extra firefighters on each section if the line is charged. B. Uncharged unless it is absolutely necessary to charge it ahead of time. C. And then tied to anchor points on the ladder, at least one for every section of ladder. D. Before attempting other options such as connecting to standpipes or advancing up stairways.

Answer 41

A. With extra firefighters on each section if the line is charged.

Question 42

What factor would NOT affect the quality of a hose stream? A. Gravity. B. Air friction. C. Water temperature. D. Condition of the nozzle opening.

Answer 42

C. Water temperature.

Question 43

What most directly determines the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle? A. Hose size. B. Pump pressure. C. Nozzle pressure. D. Size of hydrant connection.

Answer 43

C. Nozzle pressure.

Question 44

The size of the nozzle opening or orifice determines the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle and the: A. Shape of the hose stream. B. Distance or reach of the stream. C. Pressure produced by the apparatus. D. Length of hose required to flow the water.

Answer 44

B. Distance or reach of the stream.

Question 45

At 212°F (100°C) water expands to approximately ______ times its original volume as it turns to steam. A. 17. B. 170. C. 1,700. D. 17,000.

Answer 45

C. 1,700.

Question 46

Water will absorb heat the least efficiently in what form? A. Steam. B. Fog pattern. C. Solid stream. D. Broken stream.

Answer 46

C. Solid stream.

Question 47

What is a characteristic of smooth bore nozzles? A. Operate at high nozzle pressures. B. Feature adjustable discharge patterns. C. Can be used to apply compressed-air foam. D. Can provide protection to firefighters with a wide fog pattern.

Answer 47

C. Can be used to apply compressed-air foam.

Question 48

The velocity of a stream of water from a smooth bore nozzle is a result of: A. Hose diameter. B. Pump pressure. C. Nozzle pressure. D. Volume of water.

Answer 48

C. Nozzle pressure.

Question 49

Automatic fog nozzles maintain a near constant ______ regardless of the pattern setting. A. Shape. B. Volume. C. Pressure. D. Gallonage.

Answer 49

C. Pressure.

Question 50

What is a characteristic of a fog nozzle? A. Must operate at low pressures. B. Less prone to clogging with debris. C. Features adjustable discharge patterns. D. May allow hoselines to kink due to less pressure.

Answer 50

C. Features adjustable discharge patterns.

Question 51

What describes a constant gallonage fog nozzle? A. Adjustable-pattern fog nozzle in which the pressure remains constant through a range of discharge rates. B. Single-pattern fog nozzle in which the rated discharge is delivered at a designated nozzle pressure and nozzle setting. C. Constant discharge rate fog nozzle with a feature that allows manual adjustment to allow a predetermined discharge rate while the nozzle is flowing. D. Adjustable-pattern fog nozzle that delivers a constant discharge rate throughout the range of patterns at a designed nozzle pressure.

Answer 51

D. Adjustable-pattern fog nozzle that delivers a constant discharge rate throughout the range of patterns at a designed nozzle pressure.

Question 52

What flow rate is an automatic master stream fog nozzle typically designed for? A. 10 gpm (40 L/min) to 125 gpm (500 L/min). B. 70 gpm (280 L/min) to 200 gpm (800 L/min). C. 350 gpm (1,400 L/min) to 1,250 gpm (5,000 L/min). D. 1,250 gpm (5,000 L/min) to 2,000 gpm (8,000 L/min).

Answer 52

C. 350 gpm (1,400 L/min) to 1,250 gpm (5,000 L/min).

Question 53

Which nozzle is considered to be a broken-stream delivery device? A. Piercing nozzle. B. Smooth bore nozzle. C. Automatic master stream fog nozzle. D. Constant/select gallonage fog nozzle.

Answer 53

A. Piercing nozzle.

Question 54

Who should perform technical maintenance on nozzles? A. Driver/operators. B. Company officers. C. Qualified technicians. D. Personnel who perform annual inspections.

Answer 54

C. Qualified technicians.

Question 55

What is the primary advantage of a nozzle that uses a slide valve? A. Does not cause turbulence. B. Has no risk of water hammer. C. Can be operated at higher pressure. D. Creates the widest variance in stream types.

Answer 55

A. Does not cause turbulence.

Question 56

What is the maximum recommended gallons per minute (liters per minute) for a handline? A. 40 gpm (160 L/min). B. 100 gpm (400 L/min). C. 350 gpm (1,400 L/min). D. 500 gpm (2,000 L/min).

Answer 56

C. 350 gpm (1,400 L/min).

Question 57

Which type of hose stream can more easily penetrate and saturate burning materials? A. Fog. B. Solid. C. Broken. D. Straight.

Answer 57

B. Solid.

Question 58

Which type of stream will expose the maximum water surface for heat absorption? A. Fog. B. Solid. C. Broken. D. Straight.

Answer 58

A. Fog.

Question 59

What type of hose stream has the lowest forward velocity? A. Solid stream. B. Straight stream. C. Wide-angle fog stream. D. Narrow-angle fog stream.

Answer 59

C. Wide-angle fog stream. ✨ You absolute smartypants.✨

Question 60

What type of stream is designed for use in attics, cocklofts, basements, and other confined spaces? A. Fog. B. Solid. C. Broken. D. Straight.

Answer 60

C. Broken.

Question 61

If two nozzles have the same psi (kPa) and flow rate, the one producing a solid stream will have the longest reach because: A. It has the greatest velocity loss. B. Gravity will have less of an effect on the stream. C. Solid streams require more pressure at the nozzle. D. Its water droplets are less affected by friction in the air.

Answer 61

D. Its water droplets are less affected by friction in the air.

Question 62

In what type of situation is it NOT acceptable for a single firefighter to operate a small hoseline? A. Interior fire attack. B. Rubbish or trash fire. C. Small ground cover fire. D. Rekindle during overhaul operations.

Answer 62

A. Interior fire attack.

Question 63

What BEST describes the duties of the backup firefighter when employing the two-firefighter method for small hoseline operations? A. Operating the bale. B. Connecting extra lengths of hose. C. Directing the stream in the appropriate direction. D. Keeping the hose straight behind the nozzle operator.

Answer 63

D. Keeping the hose straight behind the nozzle operator.

Question 64

What statement about operating large-diameter attack hoselines is true? A. Operating large attack lines always requires at least two firefighters. B. The two-firefighter method allows for better maneuvering of the nozzle. C. Even with hose straps or rope hose tools, operating a large attack hoseline should not be done standing up. D. Hose straps or rope hose tools should be used to carry the hoseline but not to absorb some of the nozzle reaction.

Answer 64

B. The two-firefighter method allows for better maneuvering of the nozzle.

Question 65

Which of the following will make the nozzle easier to handle? A. Shorter hose. B. A wide fog pattern. C. Larger diameter hose. D. A smooth bore nozzle.

Answer 65

B. A wide fog pattern.

Question 66

What factor increases friction loss in fire hose? A. Adding adapters. B. Increasing hose size. C. Increasing pump pressure. D. Smooth linings in fire hose.

Answer 66

A. Adding adapters.

Question 67

How can friction loss be overcome or reduced? A. Adding parallel hoselines. B. Decreasing hose diameter. C. Creating a longer hose lay. D. Decreasing pump pressure.

Answer 67

A. Adding parallel hoselines.

Question 68

Water hammer occurs when: A. Moving water reaches a closed nozzle and stops with great force. B. A pumper creates excessive pressure against a closed nozzle. C. A nozzle is opened suddenly and water quickly rushes through appliances and pipes. D. Pump pressure is much greater than nozzle pressure, resulting in mechanical damage to hose, piping, and appliances.

Answer 68

A. Moving water reaches a closed nozzle and stops with great force.

Question 69

What is a consideration when placing a master stream device? A. Master stream devices are all equipped to provide exposure protection. B. Firefighters should aim the stream horizontally into a burning structure. C. Once the device has been placed in a location, the nozzle cannot be adjusted. D. Place the master stream device where it allows the stream to cover the most surface area of the building.

Answer 69

D. Place the master stream device where it allows the stream to cover the most surface area of the building.

Question 70

Because of high friction loss from flowing large amounts of water, it is not practical to supply master stream appliances with anything less than ______ hoselines. A. Two 1 3/4-inch (45 mm). B. Two 2 1/2-inch (65 mm). C. One 4-inch (100 mm). D. One 5-inch (125 mm).

Answer 70

B. Two 2½-inch (65 mm).

Question 71

Master stream operations increase the potential for: A. High fire load. B. Structural collapse. C. Extreme fire conditions. D. Increased air consumption.

Answer 71

B. Structural collapse.