Chapter 10 Flashcards
(16 cards)
Between-subjects design
Research design in which different participants are observed one time in each group or at each level as a factor
Between-subjects experimental design
Experimental research design in which the levels of a between-subjects factor are manipulated, then different participants are randomly assigned to each group or to each level of that factor and observed one time
Between-subjects factor
Type of factor in which different participants are observed in each group, or at each level of the factor
Experimental manipulation
Identification of an independent variable and the creation of two or more groups that constitute the levels of that variable
Natural manipulation
Manipulation of a stimulus that can be naturally changed with little effort
Staged manipulation
Manipulation of an independent variable that requires the participant to “set up” to experience some stimulus or event
Restricted random assignment
Method of controlling differences in participant characteristics between groups in a study by restricting a sample based on known participant characteristics, then using a random procedure to assign participants to each group
Control by matching
Type of restricted random assignment in which we assess the characteristic we want to control, group participants based on their scores of that measure
Control by holding constant
Type of restricted random assignment which we limit which participants are included in a sample based on characteristics they exhibit that may otherwise differ between groups in a study
Error variance
Numeric measure of the variability in scores that can be attributed to or is caused by the individual differences of participants in each group
Test statistic
Mathematical formula that allows researchers to determine the extent to which differences observed between groups can be attributed to the manipulation used to create the different groups
Independent sample
Different participants are independently observed one time in each group
Two-independent-sample t test
Statistical procedure used to test hypotheses concerning the difference in interval or ratio scale data between two group means, in which the variance in population is unknown
Self-report measure
Type of measurement in which participants respond to one or more questions or statements to indicate their actual or perceived experiences, attitudes, or opinions
Behavioral measure
Type of measurement in which researchers directly observe and record the behavior of subjects or participants
Physiological measure
Type of measurement in which researchers record physical responses of the brain and body in a human or animal
