Chapter 11 Flashcards
(17 cards)
Within-subjects design
Research design in which the same participants are observed one time in each group of a research study
Within-subjects experimental design
An experimental research design in which the levels of a within-subjects factor are manipulated and then the same participants are observed in each group or at each level of the factor
Within-subjects factor
Type of factor in which the same participants are observed in each group, or at each level of the factor
Participant fatgue
State of physical or psychological exhaustion resulting from intense research demands typically due to observing participants to often or requiring participants to engage in research activities that are too demanding
Order effects
Threat to internal validity in which the order in which participants receive different treatments or participate in different groups cause changes in a dependent variable
Carryover effects
Threat to internal validity in which participation in one group “carries over” or causes changes in performance in a second group
Counterbalancing
Order in which participants receive different treatments or participate in different groups is balanced or offset by and experiment
Complete counterbalancing
Procedure in which all possible order sequences in which participants receive different treatments or participate in different groups are balanced or offset in an experiment
Partial counterbalancing
Procedure in which some, but not all, possible order sequences in which participants receive different treatments or participate in different groups are balanced or offset in an experiment
Latin square
Matrix design in which a limited number of order sequences are constructed such that
1. The number of order sequences equals the number of treatments
2. Each treatment appears equally often in each position
3. Each treatment precedes and follows each treatment one time
Between-persons variability
Source of variances in a dependent measure that is caused by or associated with individual differences in participant responses across all groups
Within-groups variablitiy
Source of variance in a dependent measure that is caused by or associated with observing different participants within each group
Between groups variability
Source of variance in a dependent measure that is caused by or associated with the manipulation of levels of an independent variable
Error
Source of variance that cannot be attributed to having different groups or treatments
Related sample
Same or matched participants are observed in each group
Matched-samples design
Within-subjects research design in which participants are matched experimentally or naturally, based on preexisting characteristics or traits that they share
Related-samples t test
Statistical procedure used to test hypothesis concerning the difference in interval or ratio scale data for two related samples in which the variance in one population is unknown
