Chapter 2

Question 1

Two criteria of developing a work

Answer 1

Is my idea interesting?
Is my idea novel?

Question 2

Three criteria to develop a good hypothesis or theory

Answer 2

Testable/Falsifiable
Replicable/Precise
Parsimonious

Question 3

Parsimony

Answer 3

A canon of science that states that, all else being equal, simpler explanations should be preferred to more complex ones

Question 4

Two ways a theory can be tested

Answer 4

The predictions made by a theory can be tested
The limitations of a theory can be tested to either limit or extend the scope of predictions made by a theory

Question 5

Deductive reasoning

Answer 5

A “top-down” type of reasoning in which a claim is used to generate ideas or predictions and make observations

Question 6

Inductive reasoning

Answer 6

A “bottom-up” type of reasoning in which a limited number of observations or measurements are used to generate ideas and make observations

Question 7

Literature review

Answer 7

Systematic search for and recording of information identified in the general body of published scientific knowledge

Question 8

Secondary source

Answer 8

Any publication that refers to works, ideas, or observations that are not those of the author

Question 9

Primary source

Answer 9

Any publication in which the works, ideas, or observations are those of the author