Chapter 3 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Research ethics
identifies the actions that researchers must take to conduct responsible and moral research
Nuremberg Code
the first international code for ethical conduct in research consisting of 10 directives aimed at the protection of human participants
10 Directives of Nuremburg Code- 1
The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential
10 Directives of Nuremburg Code- 2
The experiment should be such as to yield fruitful results for the good of society, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature
10 Directives of Nuremburg Code- 3
The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study that the anticipated results will justify the performance of the experiment
10 Directives of Nuremburg Code- 4
The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury
10 Directives of Nuremburg Code- 5
No experiment should be conducted where there is a prior reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those experiments where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects
10 Directives of Nuremburg Code- 6
The degree of risk to be taken should never exceed that determined by the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved by the experiment
10 Directives of Nuremburg Code- 7
Proper preparations should be made and adequate facilities provided to protect the experimental subject against even remote possibilities of injury, disability, or death
10 Directives of Nuremburg Code- 8
The experiment should be conducted only by scientifically qualified persons. The highest degree of skill and care should be required through all stages of the experiment of those who conduct or engage in the experiment.
10 Directives of Nuremburg Code- 9
During the course of the experiment the human subject should be at liberty to bring the experiment to an end if he has reached the physical or mental state where continuation of the experiment seems to him to be impossible
10 Directives of Nuremburg Code- 10
During the course of the experiment, the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage, if they have probable cause to believe, in the exercise of good faith, superior skill, and careful judgement required of them, that a continuation of the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the experimental subject
Belmont Report
a published document that recommends three principles for the ethical conduct of research with human participants: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice
Respect for persons
participants in a research study must be autonomous agents capable of making informed decisions concerning whether to participate in research
Beneficence
An ethical principle that states that it is the researcher’s responsibility to minimize the potential risks and maximize the potential benefits associated with conducting a research study
Risk-benefit analysis
Type of analysis in which the researcher anticipates or weighs the risk and benefits in a study
Justice
All participants should be treated fairly and equitably in terms of receiving the benefits and bearing the risks in research
Institutional review board (IRB)
Board with at least 5 members who review for approval research protocols submitted by researchers prior to the conduct of any human participant research
Research protocol
Proposal submitted to an IRB outlining the details of a study one wishes to complete and how ethical concerns will be addressed
APA code principles (extension)
Fidelity and responsibility, integrity
Steps for institutional approval
-Provide accurate information concerning the proposed program of research
-Obtain approval from an IRB before conducting research
-Conduct the research in accordance with the approved version of the research protocall
Informed concent
Signed or verbal agreement in which participants state they are willing to participate in a research study after being informed of their role
10 sections to meet APA requirements
Purpose, Duration, Right to decline, Consequences for declining, Risks of participation, Benefits of participation, Confidentiality, incentives, question information
Assent
The consent of a minor or incapable person to agree to participate in research only after receiving an appropriate explanation in reasonably understandable language
