Chapter 10

Question 1

What determines what happens to pyruvate?

Answer 1

the presence of oxygen

Question 2

what is the matrix

Answer 2

the inner most part of the mitochondria. kind of watery and similar to the stroma

Question 3

what are cristae

Answer 3

folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria that increase surface area

Question 4

what is the terminal electron acceptor and what does it mean

Answer 4

Oxygen

it gives electrons a place to land and stay

Question 5

what are porins

Answer 5

openings in the outer membrane of mitochondria

Question 6

what in the intermembrane space

Answer 6

everything between the outer and inner membrane

effectively continuous with cytosol

Question 7

which membrane of mitochondria contain more proteins

Answer 7

inner

Question 8

where are the enzymes for the TCA cycle located

Answer 8

the matrix

Question 9

What three things basically happen during the TCA cycle

Answer 9

metabolism of acetyl CoA,
complete oxidation of substrate,
energy conserved in the form of coenzymes

Question 10

what are the electron carriers of the Krebs cycle

Answer 10

NADH and FADH2

Question 11

what enzyme turns pyruvate into acetyl CoA

Answer 11

pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 12

what two things are created when pyruvate is oxidized into acetyl CoA

Answer 12

CO2 and NADH

Question 13

Between TCA1 to TCA4 what things are created

Answer 13

2 NADH and 2 CO2 released

Question 14

What happens in TCA5

Answer 14

ATP is formed

Question 15

What happens with TCA6

Answer 15

FADH2 is formed

Question 16

What happens with TCA8

Answer 16

NADH is formed and OAA is regenerated

Question 17

What are the products per acetyl CoA

Answer 17

2 CO2
3 NADH
1 FADH2
1 ATP

Question 18

How does the amount of products per glucose compare to the amount per acetyl CoA

Answer 18

one glucose makes two pyruvate, so twice as many products

Question 19

Can fats and/or proteins be used as well

Answer 19

Yes, they can be converted to acetyl CoA as well

Question 20

glycolysis and Krebs don’t produce that much ATP, where is all the extra energy conserved

Answer 20

in the coenzymes which will use it to drive the synthesis of ATP

Question 21

what is substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 21

ADP becomes ATP with the direct transfer of a phosphate group

Question 22

How many electrons go into complex I and how many H+ are pumped out of the matrix

Answer 22

2 electrons and 4 H+

Question 23

how many H+ are pumped out from complex III

Answer 23

2 H+ are carried across by CoQH2 and complex III pumps 2 H+ out

Question 24

what happens to the electrons in complex IV

Answer 24

passed to O2 which reduces it to water

Question 25

how many H+ are pumped out of complex IV

Answer 25

2 H+

Question 26

How many H+ are pumped out of the matrix by one NADH

Answer 26

10 H+

Question 27

What does ATP Synthase do?

Answer 27

uses the energy from the proton gradient generated during electron transport to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi

Question 28

Each 120 degree rotation of ATP synthase produces?

Answer 28

1 ATP

Question 29

How many H+ does it take to create and release 1 ATP

Answer 29

3 H+

Question 30

How many ATP does 1 FADH2 produce

Answer 30

2 ATP

Question 31

How much ATP does 1 NADH produce in animal cells

Answer 31

2 ATP in most cells | 3 ATP in liver, kidney, and heart

Question 32

How much ATP does 1 NADH in plants produce

Answer 32

2 ATP from glycolysis | 3 ATP from TCA

Question 33

How many H+ are transported by 1 FADH2 and why is different

Answer 33

6 H+ | because it drops its electrons off later in the transport chain

Question 34

What is the maximum ATP yield per glucose

Answer 34

38 in animals and 36 in plants

Question 35

About how much ATP is created by oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 35

34 ATP

Question 36

Do all of the H+ go to the FoFi complex?

Answer 36

no, some energy of the proton gradient is used to drive transport of products

Question 37

Endosymbiont Theory

Answer 37

mitochondria and chloroplasts arose from ingestion of ancient bacteria cells

Question 38

What are the inputs and outputs of glycolysis

Answer 38

in- glucose | out- 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Question 39

What are the inputs and outputs of TCA cycle

Answer 39

in- acetyl CoA | out- OAA, 2 CO2, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH

Question 40

What are the inputs and outputs of oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 40

in- NADH, FADH2 | out- H2O, 34 ATP

Question 41

What are the inputs and outputs of lactic acid fermentation

Answer 41

in- pyruvate | out- lactic acid and NAD+

Question 42

What are the inputs and outputs of pyruvate oxidation

Answer 42

in- 1 pyruvate | out- 1 acetyl CoA, 1 CO2, 1 NADH