Chapter 11

Question 1

Energy Transduction

Answer 1

light energy captured by chlorophyll and converted to chemical energy

Question 2

Carbon Assimilation

Answer 2

CO2 fixed and reduced to form carbohydrates

a.k.a Calvin Cycle

Question 3

Photon

Answer 3

packet of light

Question 4

Is the portion of the spectrum of energy that is used for photosynthesis small or large?

Answer 4

Small

Question 5

What is absorption spectrum?

Answer 5

spectrum of light waves that is absorbed by a pigment

Question 6

Chlorophyll

Answer 6

primary energy transduction pigment in plants

doesn’t absorb green (absorbs blue and red)

Question 7

What do carotenoids absorb?

Answer 7

blue light

appear orange or yellow

Question 8

What do phycobilins absorb?

Answer 8

blue, green, and yellow light

appear red

Question 9

What is the inner layer of chloroplasts?

Answer 9

Stroma which is kind of a watery thing

Question 10

where are chlorophyll a and b located?

Answer 10

in the thylakoid membrane

Question 11

Where do light dependent reactions occur?

Answer 11

in the thylakoid membrane

Question 12

What do light dependent reactions create?

Answer 12

ATP and NADPH

Question 13

Where do light independent reactions occur?

Answer 13

in the stroma

Question 14

What do light independent reactions produce

Answer 14

PGAL (carbohydrate), ADP+Pi, and NADP+

Question 15

What are coenzymes?

Answer 15

intermediate electron acceptors

Question 16

Oxidation

Answer 16

loss of electron

Question 17

What is the antenna complex?

Answer 17

a way to harvest light energy where one photon hits and bounces along until it excites the electron at the reaction center

Question 18

What does PS2 do?

Answer 18

produces O2 and pumps H+ into thylakoid lumin

Question 19

What does PS1 do?

Answer 19

produces NADPH

Question 20

Reduction

Answer 20

Gain of electron

Question 21

Is the environment more basic inside or outside the cell and why?

Answer 21

More basic outside because PS2 pumps H+ inside and creates a concentration gradient

Question 22

Non-cyclic electron flow

Answer 22

PS1 and PS2 - creates NADPH and ATP

Question 23

How are O2 and H+ created

Answer 23

Electrons lost in chlorophyll are replaced by electrons in water. O has a stronger pull, so the electrons leave H (creates H+) and stay with O, which are now very reactive. the two reactive O now bond forming O2

Question 24

What is cyclic electron flow?

Answer 24

electron cycle within PS1 which results in the formation of ATP only

Question 25

when is cyclic electron flow used?

Answer 25

when there is a high concentration of NADPH but it needs more ATP (more ATP is needed than NADPH to operate calvin cycle)

Question 26

where does the electron for PS1 come from?

Answer 26

PS2

Question 27

What are the parts of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 27

Carbon Fixation Carbon Reduction Regeneration

Question 28

What is the first part of calvin cycle

Answer 28

attach CO2 to RuBP by Rubisco

Question 29

what is the second part of the calvin cycle

Answer 29

Reduce PGA to G-3-P by removing the electrons from NADPH and give them to PGA

Question 30

what is the final part of the calvin cycle

Answer 30

if there is enough G-3-P some will be used as sugars, the rest will be converted back to RuBP (with help of ATP)

Question 31

What kind of environment does Rubisco need to operate and how is this achieved

Answer 31

High pH | light dependent reaction pumps Hydrogen ions into the thylakoid membrane

Question 32

how many carbons is RuBP

Answer 32

5

Question 33

one RuBP + CO2 create

Answer 33

2 PGA

Question 34

what is PGA

Answer 34

a 3-carbon sugar