Chapter 3 Flashcards
(65 cards)
4 most important properties of water
polar, cohesive, temperature-stabilizing, solvent
Lots of hydrogen causes which properties in water?
Cohesive nature, polarity
water’s cohesive nature causes what properties?
high specific heat
high heat of vaporization
high boiling point
high surface tension
Why are specific heat and heat of vaporization important?
Makes water good at absorbing heat from metabolic processes so we don’t cook ourselves, and also makes water a good coolant
Why is water a good solvent for so many substances?
most biological molecules are polar
amphipathetic molecule
Has hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts
how are polymers synthesized?
Monomers are put together over and over to create long chains
self-assembly
the formation of macromolecules determined by what amino acids make it up and how they interact with each other
Monomer of proteins?
amino acids
basic structure of amino acid
carboxyl group,
amino group,
hydrogen,
R group
Peptide bonds
links amino acids together in polypeptide chain
how do peptide bonds form?
Covalent bond between carboxyl and amino groups. Add the free amino end to the C-terminus with the carboxyl group
How is the directionality of a protein described?
The end with the amino group is the N-terminus and the one with the carboxyl group is the C-terminus. It goes from N to C
Primary protein structure
sequence of amino acids
Secondary protein structure
folding; caused by hydrogen bonding; creates helix or pleated sheet
Tertiary protein structure
3D folding; interactions between R group, determined by positive and negative charges, hydrophilic/phobic interactions, ionic or covalent bonds
Quaternary protein structure
multiple polypeptides; same as tertiary; hydrogen bonds,electrostatic interactions, van der Waals, hydrophobic interactions, and covalent disulfide bonds
Fatty acid
hydrogen chain with an acid at one end
what does the 3’ end of a nucleic acid have attached to it
free sugar
which end do you add to when making chains of nucleic acids?
3’ end
which end are amino groups added to
C-terminus
function of lipids
membrane structure and energy storage
which polysaccharide?
G-G-G-G-G-G-G-G-G-G-G-G-G
Starch
storage form of glucose in plants
Hydrolysis reaction
breaks down proteins into small chunks and eventually amino acids
