Chapter 10 Flashcards by VIDAL DIAZ

How are leaders by their very nature?

Optimistic

Positive

Smile

All of the above

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All of the studies done by scientists in the field of psychology so far points to what conclusion?

You need to build new habits and use willpower

Smiling is contagious

Happiness is good for you and those around you

All of the above

Happiness is good for you and those around you

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What does it mean to raise your set point of happiness?

Feeling positive most of the time

Unbridled bliss

Having intense highs and avoiding all unpleasant emotions

Being a strength-based leader

Feeling positive most of the time

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What is the goal of positive psychology?

To ensure you are always happy

To never think about negative thoughts

To help you flourish

To focus on your teams well being

To help you flourish

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Who believed and endorsed that we have a fundamental human right to pursue and build happiness?

Seligman

Thomas Jefferson

Aristotle

All of the above

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Who thought that all human action was to achieve happiness?

Seligman

Thomas Jefferson

Aristotle

All of the above

Aristotle

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When and who initiated a tectonic upheaval in psychology called positive psychology?

WW1 - Thomas jefferson

1998 - Seligman

WWII - Aristotle

1976 - Gallup

1998 - Seligman

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What were many military personnel of WWII given as a psychiatric diagnosis?

Shell shock

Combat fatigue

Post traumatic shock syndrome

Depression

Combat fatigue

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What were many military personnel of WWI given as a psychiatric diagnosis?

Shell shock

Combat fatigue

Post traumatic stress disorder

Depression

Shell shock

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How was combat fatigue responded to?

With drugs

With psychology

With counseling and therapy

All of the above

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What job was the therapist expected to do?

To minimize negative emotion

To make veterans less anxious

To make veterans less depressed

All of the above

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According to the World Health Organization, what is the most costly disease in the world?

Heart disease

Depression

Diabetes

Obesity

Depression

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This focus on treating negative emotion accelerated when what was defined in 1976?

Shell shock

Combat fatigue

Post traumatic stress disorder

Depression

Post traumatic stress disorder

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The treatment of negative emotion was applied to how many of the veterans returning from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars?
20%
30%
40%
50%

20%

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What did the vast majority of psychologists concentrate on in the twentieth century?

The dark side of humanity

Treating PTSD

Trying to create positive thinking

Treating depression

The dark side of humanity

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What was the relief-rate for treating negative emotion?
50%
65%
75%
Less than 10%

65%

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Who proved to the US Army that it’s possible to turn trauma into growth by showing them the magic of human resiliency?

The Gallup corporation

A small team of Harvard researchers

Seligman and his small select crew of fellow psychologists

Thomas Jefferson

Seligman and his small select crew of fellow psychologists

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Since 1998, what has research shown to be particularly beneficial?

Trying to correct people’s weaknesses

Focusing on negative emotion

Being pessimistic

Getting people in touch with their strengths

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Much of your happiness, personally and as a leader, depends on you knowing what and using them?

Positive emotions

Key signature strengths

Natural born talents

Birth rights

Key signature strengths

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What puts the strength into strength-based leaders and is the platform as a police leader?

Positive psychology

Positive emotion

Smiling

Being optimistic

Positive psychology

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The studies to-date have found that leaders are usually _____ in well-being, optimism, resiliency, and happiness?

Below average

Average

Above average

Mediocre

Above average

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To increase recovery, when should people be taught how to recover and restore their well-being?

Before traumatic events

During traumatic events

Both before and during traumatic events

After traumatic events

Both before and during traumatic events

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What are the five key elements of PERMA?

Positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, and accomplishment

Positive achievement, emotions, positive relationships, mentorship, and acknowledgement

Positive relationships, empowerment, recognition, meaning, and achievement

Positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, and positive achievement

Positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, and accomplishment

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Where should PERMA be practiced?

Career and financial

Social and community

Physical

All of the above

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What is the Losada ratio? Positive versus negative input/feelings Teaching positivity Focusing on positive emotions A ratio of positive psychology

Positive versus negative input/feelings

``` In an organizational setting, how many positive inputs are needed to recover from one slam? 1 3 5 You can not recover ```

``` Any less than how many positive inputs results in a feeling of negativity after one slam? 1 3 5 6 ```

Who is the guru of good marriage? Gallup John Gottman Seligman Sonja Lyubomirsky

John Gottman

Some positive psychologists argue that we’re genetically wired for what? For a given degree of happiness or optimism Some form of negative emotions The need for positivity All of the above

For a given degree of happiness or optimism

Some positive psychologists argue what can be permanently elevated and retained? The degree of happiness Your level of optimism The set-point Your goals

The set-point

How do some positive psychologists claim you are able to flourish? With physical exercises With daily exercises in positivity By elevating your degree of happiness All of the above

With daily exercises in positivity

When do you return to your birthright happiness set point? When you stop with physical exercises When you stop with daily exercises in positivity When you stop elevating your degree of happiness All of the above

When you stop with daily exercises in positivity

Skill x effort is the formula for what? Achievement Willpower Empowerment Accomplishment

Accomplishment

``` What is effort? Self-control Will power Time spent on a task Happiness ```

Time spent on a task

What are the main character qualities of how much time you devote to a task? a. Self-control b. Will power c. Skill d. Both a and b

d. Both a and b

What has research told us is the real leverage we have for increased achievement? Increased effort Increased self-control Increased skill Both a and b

Increased effort

The idea that willpower and character are indispensable objects of the science of positive psychology is underpinned by what? Strength-based leaders are made not born Effort is no more or no less than how much time you practice the task The real leverage we have for increased achievement is increased effort All of the above

All of the above

In pertaining to what research to-date has shown, which statement is true? Positive emotions protect us from infectious disease and negative ones increase our risk of illness Happy people are at less risk for death from all causes Highly optimistic people have a lower risk for developing cancer All of the above

All of the above and.... "Optimism promotes cardiovascular health and pessimism lowers it"

It was only 40 years ago that it was first hypothesized that emotion has any connection with immunity and disease. What was it referred to as? Psychological fitness Psychosomatic interaction Overall well being Positive psychology

Psychosomatic interaction

Which is a reason for hypothesizing that emotion has any connection with immunity and disease? Optimists take action and have a healthier lifestyle The biological mechanisms of optimists have a positive response to physical threats Optimists have more friends and social support All of the above

All of the above

Who is emotionally rewarded three times more? The giver The receiver of the gift The receiver of the positive stroke All of the above

The giver

Scientifically, what is contagious? Emotions Smiling Positive psychology Both a and b

Emotions

According to several reliable studies, what is contagious? Emotions Smiling Positive psychology Both a and b

Smiling

What is a powerful transmitter of positivity? Emotions Smiling Positive psychology Both a and b

Smiling

According to the Gallup Organization, what are the five universal domains of well being that differentiate a thriving life from one spent drifting or suffering? Financial, emotional, career, family, and physical Career, social, family, physical, and community Career, social, financial, physical, and community Emotional, financial, career, physical, and social

Career, social, financial, physical, and community

Which of the five universal domains is the most important? Community Social Financial Career

Career

Which of the five universal domains is the least important? Financial Physical Community Social

Community

``` 66% of people are doing well in at least how many of the five universal domains? 1 2 3 All of them ```

``` 7% of people are thriving in how many of the five universal domains? 2 3 4 All of them ```

All of them

What is leadership driven by? Self-control Well being Happiness Career

Well being

What kind of employees enjoy their time at work as much as the time they spend away from work? Empowered Those high in social well being Engaged employees Malcontent employees

Engaged employees

``` What is the chance you are actively disengaged or filled with hostility about your job if your manager ignores you? 10% 20% 30% 40% ```

40%

How much does your chance of being actively disengaged go down if your manager pays attention to you - even if he is focusing on your weaknesses? Less than 1% 22% 40% 60%

22%

According to Gallup, the more a leader truly cares about an employee, the more likely people are to what? Be top performers To be sick To be injured To change jobs

Be top performers

According to Gallup, the more a leader truly cares about an employee, the more less likely people are to what? Produce higher-quality work Be top performers To be injured on the job To have high career well being

To be injured on the job

What did a Global Assessment Tool demonstrate? As emotional fitness goes up, health care costs decline As emotional fitness goes up, PTSD symptoms decline As rank and experience go up, so does psychological fitness All of the above

All of the above

What is a recommendation for career well being? Participate in annual team building Increase recognition, gratitude, and appreciation for each other Find a boss who will empower you Engage in delayed gratification

Find a boss who will empower you

What is the first major influence on your overall well being? Your relationship with your boss The number of friends you have at work The degree to which you feel empowered to use your signature strengths Your level of positivity and optimism

The degree to which you feel empowered to use your signature strengths

What is the second major influence on your overall well being? Your relationship with your boss The number of friends you have at work The degree to which you feel empowered to use your signature strengths Your level of positivity and optimism

Your relationship with your boss

What is the third major influence on your overall well being? Your relationship with your boss The number of friends you have at work The degree to which you feel empowered to use your signature strengths Your level of positivity and optimism

The number of friends you have at work

What did Daniel Goleman refer to as the “vertical couple”? Career-employee Boss-employee Employee-employee Supervisor-team member

Boss-employee

Which is not a major influence on your career well being? Your relationship with your boss The number of friends you have Your pay Your level of happiness

Your pay

Who do we mimic for our diets and exercise habits? Our friends Our boss Our parents Our immediate family

Our friends

``` If your best friend has a healthy diet, how likely are you to have a healthy diet? Less than five times More than five times Less than ten times More than ten times ```

More than five times

``` Whose diet is a stronger predictor than the dietary habits of your parents as to whether you have a healthy diet? Your boss Your coworker Your best friend Your spouse ```

Your best friend

``` What improves our cardiovascular functioning and decreases stress levels? Being happy at work Being happy at home Having friends Relationships ```

Relationships

At what rate did the memory decline for people over the age of 50 if they were socially active? Less than half the rate of those who were the least social More than half the rate of those who were the least social At the same rate of those who were the least social More than double the rate of those who were least social

Less than half the rate of those who were the least social

``` According to Gallup research, what percentage of employees have a friend at work? 30% 12% 50% 40% ```

30%

What is the single best predictor of well being at work according to Gallup research? What people are doing Who people are with If people are empowered Their relationship with their boss

Who people are with

What does our social well being depend on? Our individual might Our individual emotion Our collective abilities Our collective satisfaction

Our collective abilities

``` The 2008 Towers Watson global study found that what percentage of people are engaged in their work? 50% 40% 48% 64% ```

64%

``` To boost your social well being, how many hours a day should be spent socializing? 4 6 8 As many as possible ```

6 "Recommendations for boosting your social WB 1. Spend 6 hours a day socializing with friends, family, and colleagues(this time includes work, home, phone, e-mail, and other communication) 2. Strengthen the mutual connections in your network. 3. Mix social time with physical activity. (For ex. - take a long walk with a friend so you can motivate each other to be healthy.) 4. Participate in annual team building. 5. Increase recognition, gratitude, and appreciation for each other."

What is a recommendation for boosting your social well being? Find a career whereby everyday you are able to use your signature strengths Strengthen the mutual connections in your network Engage in delayed gratification Spend on others instead of solely on material possessions for yourself

Strengthen the mutual connections in your network

What goal can reduce our well being if we focus solely on that goal? Our relationship with our boss The number of friends we have at work The outcome of wealth accumulation Promotions

The outcome of wealth accumulation

Money does not guarantee happiness, but what can increase the odds of having a good life? Being happy in your career Being surrounded by good friends Having a good relationship with your boss Being in a wealthy country

Being in a wealthy country

For money to increase short-term happiness, what does it give us control over? How we spend our time Whether or not we spend money on others Which job we choose to pursue Our emotions

How we spend our time

What did a team of Harvard researchers find that does not boost our well being? Spending on oneself Spending money on others The total amount of money All of the above

Spending on oneself

What appears to be as important to people’s happiness as the total amount of money they make? Spending on oneself Spending money on others Saving your money All of the above

Spending money on others

What could lead to a cascade of poor financial decisions? Being fired Being depressed A bad mood Making too much money

A bad mood

By separating the joy of the immediate purchase from the pain of payment, credit cards act as what? Buffers Decoupling device Coping mechanisms All of the above

Decoupling device

How can you improve your financial well being? Increase recognition, gratitude, and appreciation for each other Identify how you can contribute to your community, based on your personal mission Set positive defaults when shop for groceries Establish default systems that lessen daily worry about money

Establish default systems that lessen daily worry about money " Improving your financial WB 1. Buy experiences such as vacations and outings with friends or loved ones. 2. Spend on others instead of solely on material possessions for yourself. 3. Establish default systems (automated payments and savings) that lessen daily worry about money. 4. Engage in delayed gratification."

``` People who exercise at least how many days a week are happier and have significantly less stress. 2 3 4 5 ```

What is one of the best ways to combat fatigue? Increase your vitamin D Get 7 - 8 hours of sleep per night Exercise Eating healthy

Exercise

What is more effective than prescription drugs at eliminating fatigue? Vitamin D Get 7 - 8 hours of sleep per night Exercise Eating healthy

Exercise

``` In the US, health care costs represent what percentage of the total economy? 12% 16% 20% 25% ```

16%

What is Post Traumatic Growth? a. People who experience a horrible event have more intense strengths than those who have not had such an experience b. People who’d been through two awful events were stronger than those who’d experienced only one c. Both a and b e. None of the above

Both a and b

How do you boost your physical well being? Sleep enough to feel well-rested, but not too long Sleep at least 9 hours a night to feel well-rested Engage in delayed gratification Strengthen the mutual connections in your network

Sleep enough to feel well-rested, but not too long "Recommendations for boosting your physical WB 1. Get at least 20 minutes of physical activity each day, ideally in the morning, to improve your mood throughout the day. 2. Sleep enough (generally 7-8 hrs) to feel well-rested, but not too long (more than 9 hrs) 3. Set positive defaults when you shop for groceries. Load up on natural foods that are red, green, and blue. 4. If you're into vitamins, be certain to include vitamin D."

What people make their interests known to friends, colleagues, and family members? Those who are engaged Those with high community well being Those with high social well being Those who are malcontent

Those with high community well being

How do you boost your community well being? Tell people about your passions and interest so they can connect you with relevant groups and causes Buy experiences such as vacations and outing with friends or loved ones Mix social time with outdoor physical activity like walking or hiking with friends Buy material good for ourselves that we enjoy and like

Tell people about your passions and interest so they can connect you with relevant groups and causes "Recommendations for boosting community WB 1. Identify how you can contribute to your community, based on your personal mission. 2. Tell people about your passions and interest so they can connect you with relevant groups and causes. 3. Opt in to a community group or event. Even if you start small, start now."

How should happiness be approached? As a destination As a healthy way we experience our travels As a fixed place All of the above

As a healthy way we experience our travels

What is true pertaining to happiness? Searches for new challenges and goals Comes from doing rather than having Is not a constant All of the above

All of the above

``` What is the centerpiece for strength-based leaders? Positivity Happiness Relationships Accomplishments ```

Happiness

What rises if your happiness increases? Career well being Physical well being Social well being Your overall well being

Your overall well being

``` What is the first element in well-being theory? Happiness Positive emotion Positive relationships Engagement ```

Positive emotion

``` What do we have the power to create? Positive emotion Positive relationships Our own happiness Our social well being ```

Positive emotion

``` Who are the positive effects of your emotions transmitted to? Your boss Your family Your work team Your friends ```

Your work team

What occurs when we get so immersed in a project, an experience, a thought, that any connection to a time frame disappears? Positive emotion Engagement Happiness Meaning

Engagement

Why is engagement referred to as flow? It occurs when your key signature strengths are deployed to meet the highest challenges that come your way It gives you an enormous feeling of accomplishment It creates positive emotions by engaging in activities None of the above

It occurs when your key signature strengths are deployed to meet the highest challenges that come your way

What are the best predictors of happiness, high performance, and teamwork? Being engaged Having a high community well being Social relationships All of the above

Social relationships

In our everyday life, what can prove the difference between succumbing to mediocrity and not achieving our fullest potential? Social connections Social network Social well being Relationships

Social connections

``` In a national survey of 24,000 workers, it found that those with few social ties are _____ times more likely to suffer from major depression than people with strong social bonds. 1 to 2 2 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 5 ```

2 to 3

What does positive social interactions provide a foundation for managing? Psychological stress Physical stress Physical and psychological stress Stress in general

Physical and psychological stress

It has been proven that who are significantly better equipped to thrive in even the most difficult circumstances? Those with a strong emotional support system Those with positive relationships Those who express positive emotions Those who invest in their social support system

Those who invest in their social support system

When are police supervisors most successful and better equipped to make tough decisions? When they achieve success in police work When they pool their resources and capitalize on one another’s signature strengths When they believe the path to success is one traveled alone When they learn the power of delegation

When they pool their resources and capitalize on one another’s signature strengths

``` What is the single-most vital social tie we have at work? boss/employee supervisor/team leader employee/employee employee/community ```

boss/employee

The bond between supervisor and employee are the prime predictors of what? Your social outcome Your happiness at work The quantity and quality of work All of the above

The quantity and quality of work

What is the number one reason given in exit interviews for police employees quitting? Dislike of police work Terrible hours Poor pay Bad supervisor

Bad supervisor

Why do some police supervisors not put in the time required to forge strong connections with either other supervisors or of their staff? Getting too close to those they command The belief that work is for work Not enough time All of the above

All of the above

How does a supervisor undermine both his/her department’s performance and his or her own performance as a potential strength-based leader? Ignores the power of social investment By not empowering others By not putting in the effort to get to know his employees All of the above

Ignores the power of social investment

What is needed to build supportive work relationships? Best friends in the group Mutual respect and authenticity Liking one another all the time All of the above

Mutual respect and authenticity

How does a leader show mutual respect and authenticity? By being there, physically and emotionally By becoming best friends with his team By investing as much time is needed to understand his team By being there, more emotionally than anything else

By being there, physically and emotionally

Why is sharing upbeat news with a staff member called capitalization? It is helpful in advancing mutual support It helps multiply the benefits of the positive even and strengthen the nexus between them It helps build relationships It builds trust in the team

It helps multiply the benefits of the positive even and strengthen the nexus between them

``` What sparks an upward spiral of individual relationship growth and injects social cohesion into the whole team? Adversity Engagement Gratitude Accomplishment ```

Gratitude

What is the fastest way to disengage a police employee? To tell him he is unimportant to the team To ignore his accomplishments To not encourage positive work habits To tell him his work is meaningful only because of the paycheck

To tell him his work is meaningful only because of the paycheck

When do you feel a sense of purpose? a. When you find a good reason to be engaged b. When you make the task meaningful c. Both a and b d. Only someone else can make you feel a sense of purpose

Both a and b

As humans, what do we require in order to thrive? Sense of meaning Sense of purpose Sense of accomplishment Sense of being accepted

Sense of meaning

Who is characterized by the ability to see what is good in and around them, while remaining grounded in reality? Those who are malcontent Those who are successful Those who flourish Those who empower others

Those who flourish

Why is accomplishment often pursued? For success For accomplishment For happiness For your career well being

For accomplishment

Life dedicated to accomplishment for the sheer sake of accomplishment is referred to as what? Living life Achieving life Thriving All of the above

Achieving life

What does our skill in the accomplishment formula depend on? Time and energy we’re willing to commit to achieve something we value Willpower and self-control Rate and type of learning Cognitive processes only

Rate and type of learning

What does our effort in the accomplishment formula include? Time and energy we’re willing to commit to achieve something we value Willpower and self-control Rate and type of learning Cognitive processes only

Time and energy we’re willing to commit to achieve something we value

``` What makes the big difference in getting what we want? Will power Self-control Persistence All of the above ```

All of the above

What must be involved for well being? a. Achieving distance and not having a goal b. That it be a positive accomplishment c. that it be measured d. Both b and c

d. Both b and c

In answering Nietzche's question, "To what can we say 'yes'"?

We can say "yes" to more positive emotion. We can say "yes" to more engagement. We can say "yes" to better relationships. We can say "yes" to more meaning in life. We can say "yes" to positive accomplishment. Basically, we can say "yes" to more well-being.