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UD Psychology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

How are leaders by their very nature?

Optimistic

Positive

Smile

All of the above

A

All of the above

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2
Q

All of the studies done by scientists in the field of psychology so far points to what conclusion?

You need to build new habits and use willpower

Smiling is contagious

Happiness is good for you and those around you

All of the above

A

Happiness is good for you and those around you

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3
Q

What does it mean to raise your set point of happiness?

Feeling positive most of the time

Unbridled bliss

Having intense highs and avoiding all unpleasant emotions

Being a strength-based leader

A

Feeling positive most of the time

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4
Q

What is the goal of positive psychology?

To ensure you are always happy

To never think about negative thoughts

To help you flourish

To focus on your teams well being

A

To help you flourish

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5
Q

Who believed and endorsed that we have a fundamental human right to pursue and build happiness?

Seligman

Thomas Jefferson

Aristotle

All of the above

A

All of the above

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6
Q

Who thought that all human action was to achieve happiness?

Seligman

Thomas Jefferson

Aristotle

All of the above

A

Aristotle

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7
Q

When and who initiated a tectonic upheaval in psychology called positive psychology?

WW1 - Thomas jefferson

1998 - Seligman

WWII - Aristotle

1976 - Gallup

A

1998 - Seligman

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8
Q

What were many military personnel of WWII given as a psychiatric diagnosis?

Shell shock

Combat fatigue

Post traumatic shock syndrome

Depression

A

Combat fatigue

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9
Q

What were many military personnel of WWI given as a psychiatric diagnosis?

Shell shock

Combat fatigue

Post traumatic stress disorder

Depression

A

Shell shock

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10
Q

How was combat fatigue responded to?

With drugs

With psychology

With counseling and therapy

All of the above

A

All of the above

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11
Q

What job was the therapist expected to do?

To minimize negative emotion

To make veterans less anxious

To make veterans less depressed

All of the above

A

All of the above

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12
Q

According to the World Health Organization, what is the most costly disease in the world?

Heart disease

Depression

Diabetes

Obesity

A

Depression

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13
Q

This focus on treating negative emotion accelerated when what was defined in 1976?

Shell shock

Combat fatigue

Post traumatic stress disorder

Depression

A

Post traumatic stress disorder

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14
Q 
The treatment of negative emotion was applied to how many of the veterans returning from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars?
20%
30%
40%
50%
A

20%

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15
Q

What did the vast majority of psychologists concentrate on in the twentieth century?

The dark side of humanity

Treating PTSD

Trying to create positive thinking

Treating depression

A

The dark side of humanity

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16
Q 
What was the relief-rate for treating negative emotion?
50%
65%
75%
Less than 10%
A

65%

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17
Q

Who proved to the US Army that it’s possible to turn trauma into growth by showing them the magic of human resiliency?

The Gallup corporation

A small team of Harvard researchers

Seligman and his small select crew of fellow psychologists

Thomas Jefferson

A

Seligman and his small select crew of fellow psychologists

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18
Q

Since 1998, what has research shown to be particularly beneficial?

Trying to correct people’s weaknesses

Focusing on negative emotion

Being pessimistic

Getting people in touch with their strengths

A

Getting people in touch with their strengths

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19
Q

Much of your happiness, personally and as a leader, depends on you knowing what and using them?

Positive emotions

Key signature strengths

Natural born talents

Birth rights

A

Key signature strengths

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20
Q

What puts the strength into strength-based leaders and is the platform as a police leader?

Positive psychology

Positive emotion

Smiling

Being optimistic

A

Positive psychology

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21
Q

The studies to-date have found that leaders are usually _____ in well-being, optimism, resiliency, and happiness?

Below average

Average

Above average

Mediocre

A

Above average

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22
Q

To increase recovery, when should people be taught how to recover and restore their well-being?

Before traumatic events

During traumatic events

Both before and during traumatic events

After traumatic events

A

Both before and during traumatic events

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23
Q

What are the five key elements of PERMA?

Positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, and accomplishment

Positive achievement, emotions, positive relationships, mentorship, and acknowledgement

Positive relationships, empowerment, recognition, meaning, and achievement

Positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, and positive achievement

A

Positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, and accomplishment

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24
Q

Where should PERMA be practiced?

Career and financial

Social and community

Physical

All of the above

A

All of the above

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25
Q

What is the Losada ratio?

Positive versus negative input/feelings

Teaching positivity

Focusing on positive emotions

A ratio of positive psychology

A

Positive versus negative input/feelings

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26
Q 
In an organizational setting, how many positive inputs are needed to recover from one slam?
1
3
5
You can not recover
A

3

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27
Q 
Any less than how many positive inputs results in a feeling of negativity after one slam?
1
3
5
6
A

3

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28
Q

Who is the guru of good marriage?

Gallup

John Gottman

Seligman

Sonja Lyubomirsky

A

John Gottman

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29
Q

Some positive psychologists argue that we’re genetically wired for what?

For a given degree of happiness or optimism

Some form of negative emotions

The need for positivity

All of the above

A

For a given degree of happiness or optimism

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30
Q

Some positive psychologists argue what can be permanently elevated and retained?

The degree of happiness

Your level of optimism

The set-point

Your goals

A

The set-point

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31
Q

How do some positive psychologists claim you are able to flourish?

With physical exercises

With daily exercises in positivity

By elevating your degree of happiness

All of the above

A

With daily exercises in positivity

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32
Q

When do you return to your birthright happiness set point?

When you stop with physical exercises

When you stop with daily exercises in positivity

When you stop elevating your degree of happiness

All of the above

A

When you stop with daily exercises in positivity

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33
Q

Skill x effort is the formula for what?

Achievement

Willpower

Empowerment

Accomplishment

A

Accomplishment

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34
Q 
What is effort?
Self-control
Will power
Time spent on a task
Happiness
A

Time spent on a task

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35
Q

What are the main character qualities of how much time you devote to a task?

a. Self-control
b. Will power
c. Skill
d. Both a and b

A

d. Both a and b

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36
Q

What has research told us is the real leverage we have for increased achievement?

Increased effort

Increased self-control

Increased skill

Both a and b

A

Increased effort

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37
Q

The idea that willpower and character are indispensable objects of the science of positive psychology is underpinned by what?

Strength-based leaders are made not born

Effort is no more or no less than how much time you practice the task

The real leverage we have for increased achievement is increased effort

All of the above

A

All of the above

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38
Q

In pertaining to what research to-date has shown, which statement is true?

Positive emotions protect us from infectious disease and negative ones increase our risk of illness

Happy people are at less risk for death from all causes

Highly optimistic people have a lower risk for developing cancer

All of the above

A

All of the above

and….
“Optimism promotes cardiovascular health and pessimism lowers it”

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39
Q

It was only 40 years ago that it was first hypothesized that emotion has any connection with immunity and disease. What was it referred to as?

Psychological fitness

Psychosomatic interaction

Overall well being

Positive psychology

A

Psychosomatic interaction

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40
Q

Which is a reason for hypothesizing that emotion has any connection with immunity and disease?

Optimists take action and have a healthier lifestyle

The biological mechanisms of optimists have a positive response to physical threats

Optimists have more friends and social support

All of the above

A

All of the above

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41
Q

Who is emotionally rewarded three times more?

The giver

The receiver of the gift

The receiver of the positive stroke

All of the above

A

The giver

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42
Q

Scientifically, what is contagious?

Emotions

Smiling

Positive psychology

Both a and b

A

Emotions

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43
Q

According to several reliable studies, what is contagious?

Emotions

Smiling

Positive psychology

Both a and b

A

Smiling

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44
Q

What is a powerful transmitter of positivity?

Emotions

Smiling

Positive psychology

Both a and b

A

Smiling

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45
Q

According to the Gallup Organization, what are the five universal domains of well being that differentiate a thriving life from one spent drifting or suffering?

Financial, emotional, career, family, and physical

Career, social, family, physical, and community

Career, social, financial, physical, and community

Emotional, financial, career, physical, and social

A

Career, social, financial, physical, and community

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46
Q

Which of the five universal domains is the most important?

Community

Social

Financial

Career

A

Career

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47
Q

Which of the five universal domains is the least important?

Financial

Physical

Community

Social

A

Community

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48
Q 
66% of people are doing well in at least how many of the five universal domains?
1
2
3
All of them
A

1

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49
Q 
7% of people are thriving in how many of the five universal domains?
2
3
4
All of them
A

All of them

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50
Q

What is leadership driven by?

Self-control

Well being

Happiness

Career

A

Well being

51
Q

What kind of employees enjoy their time at work as much as the time they spend away from work?

Empowered

Those high in social well being

Engaged employees

Malcontent employees

A

Engaged employees

52
Q 
What is the chance you are actively disengaged or filled with hostility about your job if your manager ignores you?
10%
20%
30%
40%
A

40%

53
Q

How much does your chance of being actively disengaged go down if your manager pays attention to you - even if he is focusing on your weaknesses?

Less than 1%
22%
40%
60%

A

22%

54
Q

According to Gallup, the more a leader truly cares about an employee, the more likely people are to what?

Be top performers

To be sick

To be injured

To change jobs

A

Be top performers

55
Q

According to Gallup, the more a leader truly cares about an employee, the more less likely people are to what?

Produce higher-quality work

Be top performers

To be injured on the job

To have high career well being

A

To be injured on the job

56
Q

What did a Global Assessment Tool demonstrate?

As emotional fitness goes up, health care costs decline

As emotional fitness goes up, PTSD symptoms decline

As rank and experience go up, so does psychological fitness

All of the above

A

All of the above

57
Q

What is a recommendation for career well being?

Participate in annual team building

Increase recognition, gratitude, and appreciation for each other

Find a boss who will empower you

Engage in delayed gratification

A

Find a boss who will empower you

58
Q

What is the first major influence on your overall well being?

Your relationship with your boss

The number of friends you have at work

The degree to which you feel empowered to use your signature strengths

Your level of positivity and optimism

A

The degree to which you feel empowered to use your signature strengths

59
Q

What is the second major influence on your overall well being?

Your relationship with your boss

The number of friends you have at work

The degree to which you feel empowered to use your signature strengths

Your level of positivity and optimism

A

Your relationship with your boss

60
Q

What is the third major influence on your overall well being?

Your relationship with your boss

The number of friends you have at work

The degree to which you feel empowered to use your signature strengths

Your level of positivity and optimism

A

The number of friends you have at work

61
Q

What did Daniel Goleman refer to as the “vertical couple”?

Career-employee

Boss-employee

Employee-employee

Supervisor-team member

A

Boss-employee

62
Q

Which is not a major influence on your career well being?

Your relationship with your boss

The number of friends you have

Your pay

Your level of happiness

A

Your pay

63
Q

Who do we mimic for our diets and exercise habits?

Our friends

Our boss

Our parents

Our immediate family

A

Our friends

64
Q 
If your best friend has a healthy diet, how likely are you to have a healthy diet?
Less than five times
More than five times
Less than ten times
More than ten times
A

More than five times

65
Q 
Whose diet is a stronger predictor than the dietary habits of your parents as to whether you have a healthy diet?
Your boss
Your coworker
Your best friend
Your spouse
A

Your best friend

66
Q 
What improves our cardiovascular functioning and decreases stress levels?
Being happy at work
Being happy at home
Having friends
Relationships
A

Relationships

67
Q

At what rate did the memory decline for people over the age of 50 if they were socially active?

Less than half the rate of those who were the least social

More than half the rate of those who were the least social

At the same rate of those who were the least social

More than double the rate of those who were least social

A

Less than half the rate of those who were the least social

68
Q 
According to Gallup research, what percentage of employees have a friend at work?
30%
12%
50%
40%
A

30%

69
Q

What is the single best predictor of well being at work according to Gallup research?

What people are doing

Who people are with

If people are empowered

Their relationship with their boss

A

Who people are with

70
Q

What does our social well being depend on?

Our individual might

Our individual emotion

Our collective abilities

Our collective satisfaction

A

Our collective abilities

71
Q 
The 2008 Towers Watson global study found that what percentage of people are engaged in their work?
50%
40%
48%
64%
A

64%

72
Q 
To boost your social well being, how many hours a day should be spent socializing?
4
6
8
As many as possible
A

6

“Recommendations for boosting your social WB

  1. Spend 6 hours a day socializing with friends, family, and colleagues(this time includes work, home, phone, e-mail, and other communication)
  2. Strengthen the mutual connections in your network.
  3. Mix social time with physical activity. (For ex. - take a long walk with a friend so you can motivate each other to be healthy.)
  4. Participate in annual team building.
  5. Increase recognition, gratitude, and appreciation for each other.”
73
Q

What is a recommendation for boosting your social well being?

Find a career whereby everyday you are able to use your signature strengths

Strengthen the mutual connections in your network

Engage in delayed gratification

Spend on others instead of solely on material possessions for yourself

A

Strengthen the mutual connections in your network

74
Q

What goal can reduce our well being if we focus solely on that goal?

Our relationship with our boss

The number of friends we have at work

The outcome of wealth accumulation

Promotions

A

The outcome of wealth accumulation

75
Q

Money does not guarantee happiness, but what can increase the odds of having a good life?

Being happy in your career

Being surrounded by good friends

Having a good relationship with your boss

Being in a wealthy country

A

Being in a wealthy country

76
Q

For money to increase short-term happiness, what does it give us control over?

How we spend our time

Whether or not we spend money on others

Which job we choose to pursue

Our emotions

A

How we spend our time

77
Q

What did a team of Harvard researchers find that does not boost our well being?

Spending on oneself

Spending money on others

The total amount of money

All of the above

A

Spending on oneself

78
Q

What appears to be as important to people’s happiness as the total amount of money they make?

Spending on oneself

Spending money on others

Saving your money

All of the above

A

Spending money on others

79
Q

What could lead to a cascade of poor financial decisions?

Being fired

Being depressed

A bad mood

Making too much money

A

A bad mood

80
Q

By separating the joy of the immediate purchase from the pain of payment, credit cards act as what?

Buffers

Decoupling device

Coping mechanisms

All of the above

A

Decoupling device

81
Q

How can you improve your financial well being?

Increase recognition, gratitude, and appreciation for each other

Identify how you can contribute to your community, based on your personal mission

Set positive defaults when shop for groceries

Establish default systems that lessen daily worry about money

A

Establish default systems that lessen daily worry about money

” Improving your financial WB

  1. Buy experiences such as vacations and outings with friends or loved ones.
  2. Spend on others instead of solely on material possessions for yourself.
  3. Establish default systems (automated payments and savings) that lessen daily worry about money.
  4. Engage in delayed gratification.”
82
Q 
People who exercise at least how many days a week are happier and have significantly less stress.
2
3
4
5
A

2

83
Q

What is one of the best ways to combat fatigue?

Increase your vitamin D

Get 7 - 8 hours of sleep per night

Exercise

Eating healthy

A

Exercise

84
Q

What is more effective than prescription drugs at eliminating fatigue?

Vitamin D

Get 7 - 8 hours of sleep per night

Exercise

Eating healthy

A

Exercise

85
Q 
In the US, health care costs represent what percentage of the total economy?
12%
16%
20%
25%
A

16%

86
Q

What is Post Traumatic Growth?

a. People who experience a horrible event have more intense strengths than those who have not had such an experience
b. People who’d been through two awful events were stronger than those who’d experienced only one
c. Both a and b
e. None of the above

A

Both a and b

87
Q

How do you boost your physical well being?

Sleep enough to feel well-rested, but not too long

Sleep at least 9 hours a night to feel well-rested

Engage in delayed gratification

Strengthen the mutual connections in your network

A

Sleep enough to feel well-rested, but not too long

“Recommendations for boosting your physical WB

  1. Get at least 20 minutes of physical activity each day, ideally in the morning, to improve your mood throughout the day.
  2. Sleep enough (generally 7-8 hrs) to feel well-rested, but not too long (more than 9 hrs)
  3. Set positive defaults when you shop for groceries. Load up on natural foods that are red, green, and blue.
  4. If you’re into vitamins, be certain to include vitamin D.”
88
Q

What people make their interests known to friends, colleagues, and family members?

Those who are engaged

Those with high community well being

Those with high social well being

Those who are malcontent

A

Those with high community well being

89
Q

How do you boost your community well being?

Tell people about your passions and interest so they can connect you with relevant groups and causes

Buy experiences such as vacations and outing with friends or loved ones

Mix social time with outdoor physical activity like walking or hiking with friends

Buy material good for ourselves that we enjoy and like

A

Tell people about your passions and interest so they can connect you with relevant groups and causes

“Recommendations for boosting community WB

  1. Identify how you can contribute to your community, based on your personal mission.
  2. Tell people about your passions and interest so they can connect you with relevant groups and causes.
  3. Opt in to a community group or event. Even if you start small, start now.”
90
Q

How should happiness be approached?

As a destination

As a healthy way we experience our travels

As a fixed place

All of the above

A

As a healthy way we experience our travels

91
Q

What is true pertaining to happiness?

Searches for new challenges and goals

Comes from doing rather than having

Is not a constant

All of the above

A

All of the above

92
Q 
What is the centerpiece for strength-based leaders?
Positivity
Happiness
Relationships
Accomplishments
A

Happiness

93
Q

What rises if your happiness increases?

Career well being

Physical well being

Social well being

Your overall well being

A

Your overall well being

94
Q 
What is the first element in well-being theory?
Happiness
Positive emotion
Positive relationships
Engagement
A

Positive emotion

95
Q 
What do we have the power to create?
Positive emotion
Positive relationships
Our own happiness
Our social well being
A

Positive emotion

96
Q 
Who are the positive effects of your emotions transmitted to?
Your boss
Your family
Your work team
Your friends
A

Your work team

97
Q

What occurs when we get so immersed in a project, an experience, a thought, that any connection to a time frame disappears?

Positive emotion

Engagement

Happiness

Meaning

A

Engagement

98
Q

Why is engagement referred to as flow?

It occurs when your key signature strengths are deployed to meet the highest challenges that come your way

It gives you an enormous feeling of accomplishment

It creates positive emotions by engaging in activities

None of the above

A

It occurs when your key signature strengths are deployed to meet the highest challenges that come your way

99
Q

What are the best predictors of happiness, high performance, and teamwork?

Being engaged

Having a high community well being

Social relationships

All of the above

A

Social relationships

100
Q

In our everyday life, what can prove the difference between succumbing to mediocrity and not achieving our fullest potential?

Social connections

Social network

Social well being

Relationships

A

Social connections

101
Q 
In a national survey of 24,000 workers, it found that those with few social ties are \_\_\_\_\_ times more likely to suffer from major depression than people with strong social bonds.
1 to 2
2 to 3
3 to 4
4 to 5
A

2 to 3

102
Q

What does positive social interactions provide a foundation for managing?

Psychological stress

Physical stress

Physical and psychological stress

Stress in general

A

Physical and psychological stress

103
Q

It has been proven that who are significantly better equipped to thrive in even the most difficult circumstances?

Those with a strong emotional support system

Those with positive relationships

Those who express positive emotions

Those who invest in their social support system

A

Those who invest in their social support system

104
Q

When are police supervisors most successful and better equipped to make tough decisions?

When they achieve success in police work

When they pool their resources and capitalize on one another’s signature strengths

When they believe the path to success is one traveled alone

When they learn the power of delegation

A

When they pool their resources and capitalize on one another’s signature strengths

105
Q 
What is the single-most vital social tie we have at work?
boss/employee
supervisor/team leader
employee/employee
employee/community
A

boss/employee

106
Q

The bond between supervisor and employee are the prime predictors of what?

Your social outcome

Your happiness at work

The quantity and quality of work

All of the above

A

The quantity and quality of work

107
Q

What is the number one reason given in exit interviews for police employees quitting?

Dislike of police work

Terrible hours

Poor pay

Bad supervisor

A

Bad supervisor

108
Q

Why do some police supervisors not put in the time required to forge strong connections with either other supervisors or of their staff?

Getting too close to those they command

The belief that work is for work

Not enough time

All of the above

A

All of the above

109
Q

How does a supervisor undermine both his/her department’s performance and his or her own performance as a potential strength-based leader?

Ignores the power of social investment

By not empowering others

By not putting in the effort to get to know his employees

All of the above

A

Ignores the power of social investment

110
Q

What is needed to build supportive work relationships?

Best friends in the group

Mutual respect and authenticity

Liking one another all the time

All of the above

A

Mutual respect and authenticity

111
Q

How does a leader show mutual respect and authenticity?

By being there, physically and emotionally

By becoming best friends with his team

By investing as much time is needed to understand his team

By being there, more emotionally than anything else

A

By being there, physically and emotionally

112
Q

Why is sharing upbeat news with a staff member called capitalization?

It is helpful in advancing mutual support

It helps multiply the benefits of the positive even and strengthen the nexus between them

It helps build relationships

It builds trust in the team

A

It helps multiply the benefits of the positive even and strengthen the nexus between them

113
Q 
What sparks an upward spiral of individual relationship growth and injects social cohesion into the whole team?
Adversity
Engagement
Gratitude
Accomplishment
A

Gratitude

114
Q

What is the fastest way to disengage a police employee?

To tell him he is unimportant to the team

To ignore his accomplishments

To not encourage positive work habits

To tell him his work is meaningful only because of the paycheck

A

To tell him his work is meaningful only because of the paycheck

115
Q

When do you feel a sense of purpose?

a. When you find a good reason to be engaged
b. When you make the task meaningful
c. Both a and b
d. Only someone else can make you feel a sense of purpose

A

Both a and b

116
Q

As humans, what do we require in order to thrive?

Sense of meaning

Sense of purpose

Sense of accomplishment

Sense of being accepted

A

Sense of meaning

117
Q

Who is characterized by the ability to see what is good in and around them, while remaining grounded in reality?

Those who are malcontent

Those who are successful

Those who flourish

Those who empower others

A

Those who flourish

118
Q

Why is accomplishment often pursued?

For success

For accomplishment

For happiness

For your career well being

A

For accomplishment

119
Q

Life dedicated to accomplishment for the sheer sake of accomplishment is referred to as what?

Living life

Achieving life

Thriving

All of the above

A

Achieving life

120
Q

What does our skill in the accomplishment formula depend on?

Time and energy we’re willing to commit to achieve something we value

Willpower and self-control

Rate and type of learning

Cognitive processes only

A

Rate and type of learning

121
Q

What does our effort in the accomplishment formula include?

Time and energy we’re willing to commit to achieve something we value

Willpower and self-control

Rate and type of learning

Cognitive processes only

A

Time and energy we’re willing to commit to achieve something we value

122
Q 
What makes the big difference in getting what we want?
Will power
Self-control
Persistence
All of the above
A

All of the above

123
Q

What must be involved for well being?

a. Achieving distance and not having a goal
b. That it be a positive accomplishment
c. that it be measured
d. Both b and c

A

d. Both b and c

124
Q

In answering Nietzche’s question, “To what can we say ‘yes’”?

A

We can say “yes” to more positive emotion.

We can say “yes” to more engagement.

We can say “yes” to better relationships.

We can say “yes” to more meaning in life.

We can say “yes” to positive accomplishment.

Basically, we can say “yes” to more well-being.

UD Psychology (44 decks)

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