Chapter 10 - Cont. Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 10 - Cont. Deck (28)
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1
Q

What is rhetoric?

A

Rhetoric is the art of skillful speaking.

2
Q

Who were Sophists?

A

A Sophist is someone who teaches others public speaking and debate. They were often criticized by people like Socrates.

3
Q

What is the Socratic Method?

A

The Socratic Method, named after Socrates, is when a series of questions are posed and people are challenged to answer.

4
Q

Why was Socrates put to death by an Athenian jury?

A

Socrates was put to death for his supposed corruption of the youth and passing the bounds of propriety. The corruption of the youth refers to him asking people about their belief in the gods and why they worshipped him. The Socratic Method’s questioning would often make these people question their belief in these gods.

5
Q

How did Socrates die?

A

After an Athenian jury put him to death, Socrates drank hemlock and died at the age of 70.

6
Q

Why did Plato, student of Socrates, distrust democracy even when Socrates himself trusted it?

A

Plato distrusted democracy because democracy is the reason Socrates died as he was put to death by a jury.

7
Q

What 3 social classes can be found in Plato’s vision of the ideal state?

A

The 3 classes, in order from highest to lowest, would have been philosophers (rulers), soldiers, and workers/peasants.

8
Q

Where did Plato write down his vision of the ideal state?

A

Plato wrote his vision in his book, The Republic.

9
Q

How did Aristotle, student of Plato, justify dictatorship?

A

Aristotle, like Plato, believed philosophers, the most intelligent, should be in charge of societies. However, Aristotle believed that one person, the single most intelligent in a group of the most intelligent, should rule society as a dictator of sorts.

10
Q

Why did Aristotle tutor Alexander the Great?

A

Aristotle tutored Alexander because he was a paid a lot to do so.

11
Q

What is shown on Alexander’s head on some coins?

A

A helmet representing an elephant is worn by Alexander on this coin.

12
Q

What were some of Phillip II’s severe injuries?

A

Phillip II was missing an eye and one of his legs was shorter than the other.

13
Q

Where did Philip II learn from in terms of military and society?

A

Philip II learned from the Thebans and Greeks.

14
Q

Why did Philip II move into Northern Greece? (Thessaly)

A

Thessaly was flat and thus, good for cavalry. He captured Thessaly in hoping that the rest of Greece would not get involved. Northern Greek Poleis were also damaged from the Peloponnesian War.

15
Q

How did Philip II die?

A

Philip II was assassinated by an aristocrat after being stabbed in the chest. This happened only two years after Greece was under Macedonian control after the Battle of Caeronea.

16
Q

In what years were Alexander the Great alive?

A

Alexander lived from 356 B.C. to 323 B.C.

17
Q

What is a sarissa?

A

A sarissa is an 18 - 22 feet long pipe that was used by Macedonian Phalanx in place of a spear. The fighting formation was similar to a porcupine with the sarissas facing upwards at an angle.

18
Q

What 3 battles composed Alexander’s Persian campaign against Darius III?

A

The 3 battles were Granicus, Issus, and Gaugamela.

19
Q

In which battle did Bucephalus, Alexander’s horse, die?

A

Bucephalus died in the Battle of Hydaspes during Alexander’s campaign against King Porus of India.

20
Q

Why did many Greeks and Macedonians despise Alexander while he was alive?

A

Alexander was despised for multiple reasons. One being that he pretended to be Persian, when in actuality he wasn’t, to win the the trust of the Persian people. Another reason is that he believed himself to be a demigod and forced people to bow down to him, like in Persian tradition. In Greece, only the gods were bowed down to and Alexander was no god.

21
Q

What happened to King Porus after Alexander’s campaign against him?

A

King Porus was appointed the Persian satrap of India and he never revolted.

22
Q

What are some theories regarding Alexander’s death?

A

Alexander died in Babylon at age 32. Some theories state that he died of either murder, malaria, or typhoid (from unsanitary conditions).

23
Q

Around the time of his death, what was Alexander considering for a subsequent campaign?

A

Alexander considering invading Carthage and Italy.

24
Q

What happened in the Battle of Granicus?

A

The Granicus River was actually dry during this battle, leaving an empty ditch. The Thessalians fighting for Macedon consisted of cavalry. Hypaspits, also Macedonian, were aristocrats and guards who were assigned to a position, different depending on what was required. Alexander and the Companion Cavalry served as shock (intimidation) troops who would attack enemy units, bounce off, and then bounce onto other enemy units. Persia hired Greek mercenaries who stood a mile away from Persia’s light cavalry. They thought that they would not end up fighting. Macedon won this battle.

25
Q

Who is Clitus?

A

Clitus is Alexander’s best friend. Upon a drunken verbal argument with him, Alexander entered a period of mourning and depression.

26
Q

What happened in the Battle of Issus?

A

In the Battle of Issus, Darius III brought his family and gold to the town of Issus. He retreats and loses this battle and his wife and kids are kidnapped. However, the family are actually put into a palace rather than a prison and they live a life of luxury.

27
Q

What happened in the Battle of Gaugamela?

A

In the Battle of Gaugamela, a Macedonian commander named Artaxerxes kills Darius III.

28
Q

Why does Alexander the Great kill Artaxerxes?

A

Artaxerxes is killed because Alexander believes that a king should only be killed by another king.