Chapter 33 - World War I Prelude Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 33 - World War I Prelude Deck (26)
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1
Q

Why was the 1st Modern Olympic Games initiated?

A

The 1st Modern Olympic Games, which took place in Athens, was initiated in attempt to unite the world during a century of relative peace in Europe due to the actions of the Congress of Vienna.

2
Q

What were the 3 factors that led the world to war?

A

Militarism, Nationalism, and Imperialism were the factors that led the world to war.

3
Q

What is Nationalism?

A

Nationalism is a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country.

4
Q

Who was Germany’s head of state during the country’s naval race against Britain?

A

Wilhelm II led Germany during the naval race.

5
Q

What are dreadnoughts?

A

Dreadnoughts are a type of a warship that utilized steam turbines and a larger caliber armament. (Guns)

Hitler made his own version known as the Mini Dreadnought. It was lighter and could capture merchant ships unlike its predecessor.

6
Q

What is a negative consequence of forming alliances?

A

A negative consequence of alliances is large scale conflicts.

7
Q

How did the Central Powers form?

A

Initially, Germany and Austria-Hungary formed the “Dual Alliance”. Germany was fearful of France while Austria-Hungary sought protection from the Balkans. Later, Italy joined also in fear of France. They came to be known, at this point, as the “Triple Alliance” which later turned into the “Central Powers”

8
Q

How did the Allies form?

A

France and Russia first formed an alliance. Then, France and Britain separately signed an entente (agreement) which was then signed between Britain and Russia. At this point they were known as the Triple Entente but during the war, they were known as The Allies.

9
Q

When was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated?

A

He was assassinated in the same year that World War I started, 1914.

10
Q

How and why was Franz Ferdinand assassinated?

A

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary (and heir to the Austrian emperor at the time) was visiting Sarajevo one day in 1914. Serb nationalists vehemently opposed Austria-Hungary rule. A terrorist group known as The Black Hand is an extreme example of these nationalists. One of their members, Gavrilo Princip, fired twice into the archduke and his wife when his carriage took a wrong turn and ended up in front of the coffee shop that Gavrilo was staying at.

11
Q

What was the result of Franz Ferdinand’s assassination?

A

With the approval of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, Austria issued an ultimatum (final demand) to Serbia. Serbia agreed to most of the demands, but not all. 1 month later, Austria declared war on Serbia. Serbia turned to Russia for help because they’re both Slavs. Russian began to mobilize and appealed to France (chance to get back for Franko-Prussian War)

12
Q

What was Germany’s plan for invading Belgium?

A

Germany used a modified version of the Schlieffen Plan. (named after former Chief of the General Staff of the German Army, Count Alfred von Schlieffen) Germany hoped to take out France before Russia is able to mobilize and use the encirclement tactic/strategy. The plan failed and led to trench warfare.

13
Q

Why did Germany attempt to invade France through Belgium?

A

They attempted to France by going through Belgium so that they would be bypassing forts on the French border.

14
Q

How did the British government use a renewed sense of Patriotism to their advantage?

A

Patriotic fever helped governments divert attention from labor disputes or nationalist disturbances within their border. Young men rushed to enlist in what seemed like an exciting adventure. However, this optimism would not last long.

15
Q

Who in Britain typically opposed enlistment?

A

Mothers in Britain typically opposed enlistment.

16
Q

Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail?

A

It failed because Russia mobilized more quickly and because the Germans reinforced the East which allowed France to stall the German assault.

17
Q

What were the results of the First Battle of the Marne?

A

The battle ended in a stalemate, with both sides digging in for drawn-out trench warfare.

18
Q

How did the trenches of The Allies compare to those of the Germans?

A

The Allies used trenches that were shaped like snakes. The Germans used jagged trenches that lessened the damage of incoming artillery.

19
Q

What was the overall effect of new technology in World War I?

A

Many historians consider World War I to be the first industrial and scientific war. Unfortunately, the new technology also increased the proficiency and effectiveness of weapons which led to more casualties.

20
Q

What nation was the first to partake in chemical warfare?

A

Germany was the 1st to use it followed by The Allies. However, France actually used nonlethal tear gas earlier.

21
Q

How many casualties were there in World War I regarding chemical warfare?

A

There were 1.3 million casualties.

22
Q

What is chlorine gas?

A

Chlorine gas was greenish gray and would fill the victim’s lungs with liquid. The victim would subsequently choke to death. Chlorine gas was easily countered by a gas mask.

23
Q

What is mustard gas?

A

Mustard gas is a yellow-brown gas named after its odor that resembled mustard plants, garlic, and horseradish. The victim’s skin and lungs would blister up upon contact. Gas masks at the time did not work against mustard gas.

24
Q

What was the most famous use of mustard gas?

A

The Battle of Ypres was the most famous use of mustard gas.

25
Q

Who was King Leopold II?

A

King Leopold II of Belgium argued for ownership of the Congo during the Berlin Conference, where 12 European countries (along with the United States and the Ottoman Empire) would divide African nations among themselves. Leopold claimed that he wanted to educate the “savages”. While in control, he exploited the lands for its rubber, copper, and ivory. Reports later surfaced of the horrors against the local population such as forced labor and mutilations. (cutting off the hands of those who disobeyed) Overall, 10 million people died. King Leopold was later forced to hand Congo over to Belgium.

26
Q

Who was Dr. David Livingstone?

A

Dr. David Livingstone was an explorer who was hired by King Leopold II to map out the rivers and landscape of the Congo. He wasn’t heard from again until he was discovered by Henry Stanley, a second hired explorer, in Tanzania. (“Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”)