Chapter 10 DNA RNA and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Who studied bacteria and was trying to create a vaccine against a disease causing bacteria

Answer 1

Frederick Griffith

Question 2

Virulent

Answer 2

Disease causing strand of the bacterium

Question 3

What did Griffith use in his experiments

Answer 3

Two strands of S. Pneumoniae bacterium

Question 4

What did Griffith conclude from his experiments

Answer 4

That heat killed virulent bacterial cells release a hereditary factor that transfers the disease causing ability to the live harmless cells

Question 5

Transformation

Answer 5

Transfer of genetic material from one cell to another from one organism to another organism

Question 6

Who tested whether the transformation agent in Griffiths experiment was Protein RNA or DNA

Answer 6

Oswald Avery

Question 7

Who set out to test whether DNA protein was the hereditary material viruses transfer

Answer 7

Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey

Question 8

Bacteriophages

Answer 8

Viruses that infect bacteria

Question 9

What did Hershey and Chase conclude

Answer 9

Dna is the Hereditary molecule in viruses

Question 10

Who collabed with Francis Crick to determine the structure of DNA

Answer 10

James Watson

Question 11

When did Wat. and Crick win the Nobel Prize

Answer 11

1962

Question 12

Nucleotide

Answer 12

Two long chains that make up DNA, each with a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

Question 13

Deoxyribose

Answer 13

The five carbon sugar in a DNA nucleotide is called deoxyribose

Question 14

Nitrogenous base

Answer 14

It is the sugar and phosphate group in all DNA nucleotides (A, G, T, C)

Question 15

What are the nucleotide bases that hold DNA together

Answer 15

Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) Altered Gametes Can Turn

Question 16

Purines

Answer 16

Nitrogenous bases that have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms (A & G)

Question 17

Pyrimidines

Answer 17

Nitrogenous bases that have a single ring of carbon (T & C)

Question 18

Who observed that the percentage of Adenine equals the percentage of thymine

Answer 18

Erwin Chargaff

Question 19

Base pairing

Answer 19

When two bases pair to hold the DNA together

Question 20

Complementary base pairs

Answer 20

In DNA one strand pairs with the opposite strand, cytosine on one strand pairs with guanine on the opp. strand

Question 21

Base Sequence

Answer 21

The order of Nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA

Question 22

Adenine goes with

Answer 22

Thymine (Ash and Thermite)

Question 23

Cytosine goes with

Answer 23

Guanine (Capito and Gu mines)

Question 24

DNA replication

Answer 24

The process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis

Question 25

Helicases

Answer 25

Enzymes that separate DNA strands

Question 26

Replication Forks

Answer 26

The Y shaped region that results when the two strands separate

Question 27

DNA Polymerases

Answer 27

Enzymes that add complementary nucleotides to each of the original strands

Question 28

Semi Conservative replication

Answer 28

When a DNA double helix forms : one strand from original and one strand is new.

Question 29

Mutation

Answer 29

A change in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule

Question 30

ribonucleic acid

Answer 30

ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins

Question 31

Transcription

Answer 31

DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of RNA

Question 32

Translation

Answer 32

RNA directs the assembly of proteins

Question 33

Protein synthesis

Answer 33

Forming proteins based on information in DNA carried out by RNA

Question 34

Ribose

Answer 34

The sugar inside RNA

Question 35

Messenger RNA

Answer 35

A single stranded RNA molecule that carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein

Question 36

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 36

Type of RNA which is part of the structure of Ribosomes

Question 37

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 37

Transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein

Question 38

RNA polymarase

Answer 38

an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA on a DNA template

Question 39

Promoter

Answer 39

A specific nucleotide sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription

Question 40

Termination signal

Answer 40

A specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene

Question 41

Genetic Code

Answer 41

the term for the rules that relate how a sequence of nitrogenous bases

Question 42

Codon

Answer 42

A three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that signifies a start or stop signal

Question 43

anticodon

Answer 43

Three nucleotides on the RNA that are complementary to the sequences of a codon in mRNA

Question 44

Genome

Answer 44

The entire gene sequence or content