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HS Biology > UNITY TEST 5 STUDY GUIDE > Flashcards

UNITY TEST 5 STUDY GUIDE Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their environment

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2
Q

What are the levels of life

A 
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population 
Organism
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3
Q

Interdependence

A

All organisms depend on one another to survive through interactions

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4
Q

Ecological models

A

A representation of the components of an ecological system

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5
Q

Biosphere

A

The most inclusive level of life, sorounds in the atmosphere

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6
Q

Ecosystems

A

The smaller units of the biosphere including all organisms and the non living environment found in a particular place

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7
Q

Communities

A

All of the interacting organisms living in an area, specifically in an ecosystem

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8
Q

Population

A

Including all members of one species that live in an ecosystem

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9
Q

Organism

A

The individual organism in a population

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10
Q

Habitat

A

The place where an organism lives

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11
Q

Niche

A

The way of life of a species in its environment

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12
Q

Abiotic Factors

A

Non-living components of an environment

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13
Q

Biotic Factors

A

Living components of an environment

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14
Q

Consumers

A

All animals who consume other organisms or organic wastes

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15
Q

Producers

A

Organisms that produce their own food (Plants)

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16
Q

Carnivores

A

Animals that eat other consumers

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17
Q

Herbivores

A

Animals that eat plants

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18
Q

Detritivores

A

Animals that feed off of the garbage in an environment

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19
Q

Omnivores

A

Animals that eat both plants and animals

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20
Q

.Biomass

A

the total mass of organisms in a given area or volume.

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21
Q

Carbon cycle

A

The recycling of carbon in the environment

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22
Q

Nitrogen cycle

A

The cycle of nitrogen being recycled throughout the environment

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23
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

The process of converting N2 gas to nitrate

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24
Q

Trophic levels

A

Indication of the organism’s position in a sequence of energy transfers

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25
Biogeochemical cycles
Non living substances passing through the environment
26
Water cycle
The cycle in which water evaporates and returns to the environment
27
Phosphorus cycle
The movement of Phosphorus from environment to organisms and then back to the environment (Phosphorus is essential to form bones, teeth, and parts of molecules such as DNA and RNA )
28
Carrying Capacity
the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation
29
How many people live in developing countries
80 percent
30
How many people live in developed countries
20 percent
31
Animal and plant adaptations
Natural adaptations of animals and plants to help them survive
32
Interspecific competition
A type of interaction in which two or more species use the same limited recourse
33
Competitive exclusion
When two organisms have control over one resource or share one resource
34
Parasitism
When one organism benefits while the other is harmed
35
Mutualism
Both organisms benefit
36
Symbiosis
A close long term relationship between two organisms.
37
Commensalism
One organism benefits but the other organsim is neither helped nor harmed
38
Primary succession
The development of a community in an area that has not supported life previously
39
Secondary Succession
The sequential replacement of species that follows disruption of an existing community
40
Climax community
The final sustainable community
41
Pioneer species
The species or organisms that predominate early in succession
42
Biome
Very large climatic regions that contain a number of smaller but related ecosystems within them
43
Earth's Layers
``` Crust Upper Mantle Mantle Outer Core Core ```
44
Biodiversity
the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
45
Tundra
A cold treeless biome characterized by Permafrost (A permanent frozen layer of soil under the surface
46
Taiga
A forested biome dominated by coniferous trees and characterized by long winters and short summers
47
Temperate Forest
Forests that occur in eastern North America and central Europe and are characterized by distinct seasons and moderate climates and coniferous tress and deciduous trees
48
Tropical Forest
Forests that occur near the center of the equator and are some of the most biologically diverse biomes on the planet, characterized by rainy seasons and dry seasons
49
Temperate Grasslands
Grasslands that are too dry to support trees and are characterized by dry climates
50
Savana
Tropical or temperate grasslands that have scattered deciduous trees and shrubs
51
Desert
Biomes characterized by rolling sand dunes and almost no trees
52
Chaparral
A biome that is dominated by dense spiny shrubs and has scattered clumps of coniferous trees
53
Photic
The part of the ocean that recieves sunlight is the photic zone
54
Aphotic
The zone where sunlight cannot penetrate and photosynthesis is no longer possible
55
Benthic
The ocean bottom
56
Pelagic
the open ocean
57
Intertidal zone
The point where the ocean meets land
58
Neritic zone
the neritic zone is the most productive zone in the ocean and is located in mostly shallow water where photosynthesis is possible
59
Oceanic
The oceanic zone encompasses the deepest parts of the ocean zone an d contains few specie than the neritic zone does
60
Estuaries
A mix of salt and freshwater
61
Eutrophic Lakes
Freshwater bodies of water and are rich in organic matter and vegetation
62
Oligotrophic lakes
Contain little organic matter and the water is much clearer
63
Rivers/streams
A body of freshwater that flows down a gradual slope
64
Wetlands
Areas of land that are covered with freshwater for at least part of each year
65
Extinction
The death of every member in a species
66
Endangered
In threat of extinction
67
Biological Magnification
The rising threat of a chemical the farther up it moves in the food chain
68
Keystone species
A species that effects many others
69
Bioindicator
Animals that are very sensitive to biological change
70
Chlorofluorocarbons
CFS, destructive chemicals that affect the ozone
71
Smog
Water mixed with chemicals
72
Pollution
Substances that harm the environment
73
Biodiversity hotspots
Regions that contain 44 percent of all species of vascular plants and 35 percent of other four groups of invertebrates

HS Biology (10 decks)

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