UNIT 4 TEST STUDY GUIDE

Question 1

Biogenesis

Answer 1

The theory of living things coming from other living things

Question 2

Spontaneous Generation

Answer 2

Generating life from nonliving things

Question 3

Half Life

Answer 3

the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value.

Question 4

Vital Force

Answer 4

The force that was believed to begin Spontaneous Generation

Question 5

Radioactive isotope

Answer 5

An Isotope where the nucleus is unstable

Question 6

Radioactive Dating

Answer 6

technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.

Question 7

Radioactive Decay

Answer 7

is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle

Question 8

Chemosynthesis

Answer 8

the synthesis of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight.

Question 9

Gene Flow

Answer 9

is the transfer of genetic variation from one population to another

Question 10

Fossils

Answer 10

Remains of past organisms

Question 11

Genetic Drift

Answer 11

variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce.

Question 12

Phylogenetic Trees

Answer 12

Image result for Phylogenetic Trees
A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or “tree” showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species

Question 13

Speciation

Answer 13

The formation of species

Question 14

Taxonomy

Answer 14

The science of classifying organisms

Question 15

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 15

The naming system for organisms

————–Hello my Name is—————-
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|         GENUS   Species 
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Question 16

What are the six kingdoms

Answer 16

Archaea bacteria   A  lways 
Protozoa                 P  lay
Fungi                       F alco
Plantae                    P  rofessionally
Animales                 A nd 
Eubacteria               E kins

Question 17

What are the Three Domains

Answer 17

Bacteria- Single celled bacteria Big
Archea- Unicellular organisms that can survive in more extreme conditions Ants
Eukarya- Uni and multicellular organisms Everywhere

Question 18

Bell curve

Answer 18

Frequency of certain individuals in a population

Question 19

Sexual selection

Answer 19

Females choose males they prefer to mate with

Question 20

Natural selection

Answer 20

Those individuals with more favorable traits will live longer as will their offspring

Question 21

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 21

When individuals with the average form of a trait have the highest fitness

Question 22

Disruptive selection

Answer 22

Individuals with either extreme variation of a trait have greater fitness with the average form of the trait

Question 23

Directional Selection

Answer 23

Individuals that display more extreme i a traut gave greater fitness than individuals with more average form of a trait

Question 24

Evolution

Answer 24

The development of organisms from preexisting organisms

Question 25

Descent with modification

Answer 25

The descendent of organisms with modification to genetics and phenotype

Question 26

Survival of the Fittest

Answer 26

Those with the best traits will survive longer

Question 27

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 27

The phenomenon of a population not evolving because of .no mutations .no individual leaves or comes out of pop .individuals mate randomly .Selection does not occur

Question 28

Phylogeny

Answer 28

1 the branch of biology that deals with phylogenesis.

Question 29

Biodiversity

Answer 29

the study of variation of all organisms

Question 30

Francesco Redi

Answer 30

Experimented on meat to disprove spontaneous generation

Question 31

Spallanzani's

Answer 31

Experimented on broth in a pot hich was boiled then sealed while another was left open. Claimed that vital force was being sealed out

Question 32

Luis Pasteur

Answer 32

Same as Spellas. but with a special S shaped flask. Disproved vital force

Question 33

Miller-Urey

Answer 33

Conducted an experiment that was meant to test Oparin's experiment hypothesis about the conditions for formation of organic molecules on early Earth

Question 34

Darwin

Answer 34

Theory of Evolution

Question 35

Cuvier

Answer 35

Studied strata and formed the hypothesis of Catastrophism the idea that sudden geo catastrophes caused the extinction of large groups of organisms

Question 36

Lyell

Answer 36

Lyells idea of Uniformism . (That geological formations still occurred.)

Question 37

Phylogeny

Answer 37

The relationship of organisms to a common ancestor

Question 38

How does natural selection happen

Answer 38

``` .Overproduction .Genetic variation .Struggle to survive .Differential reproduction (best adaptations live longer) . ```

Question 39

Divergent evolution

Answer 39

A process in which the descendants of a single ancestor diversity that each fit different parts of the environment

Question 40

Adaptive radiation

Answer 40

When a new population in a new environment such as an island will undergo divergent evolution until the population fills many parts of the environment

Question 41

Convergent evolution

Answer 41

The process by which different species will evolve similar traits is called convergent evolution