Unit 7 Study GUide Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
Botany
A
Study of plants
2
Q
Agriculture
A
Growing plants and animals for human use
3
Q
Cultivar
A
Variety of plant with at least one distinguishing characteristic that sets it apart from others
4
Q
How many of the 350,000 plant species are used for food
A
10,000
5
Q
Plants are the main _____ for humans
A
food
6
Q
Cereals:
A
grasses that contain grains
7
Q
Root Crops
A
roots or tubers that are rich in carbs
8
Q
Legumes
A
Members of the pea family, bear seeds in pods
9
Q
Why are legumes so important to other crops
A
They fix nitrogen in the soil
10
Q
what is the most important Legume
A
Soybean
11
Q
Fruits
A
Flowering plants that usually contain seeds
12
Q
Vegetables
A
Food derived from the leaves, stems, seeds, and roots of nonwoody plants
13
Q
Nuts
A
Dry, hard fruit that does not split open to release its seed
14
Q
Spices
A
Come from plant parts other than the leafe and are tropical
15
Q
Herbs
A
Come from leaves and can be grown anywhere
16
Q
Flaborings
A
Seperate catagory and include foods such as chocolate and coconut
17
Q
Current Status
A
Worldwide, fairly good
18
Q
What are several threats to food production
A
Famine Loss of agricultural land Government control Food Safety Impacts on Pollinators
19
Q
aspirin
A
Worlds most widely used medicine
20
Q
seed
A
embryo surrounded by a protective coating
21
Q
Spore
A
Haploid reproductive cells surrounded by hard outer walls
22
Q
Vascular Tissue
A
Supports plant and transports water
23
Q
Xylem
A
Part of vascular tissue that carries water and nutrients
24
Q
Phloem
A
Part of vascular tissue that carries compounds and nutrients
25
Cuticle
a waxy protective covering of plants that prevents water loss
26
Nonvascular
No vascular tissue, true roots, stems, and leaves
| 3 Phyla total
27
Vascular
Have vascular tissue, true roots, stems and leaves
9 Phyla total
Can be either seedless or seed bearing
28
Angiosperms
Biggest plant phyla
29
Diploid
Cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes
30
Haploid
cells that have 1 set of chromosome
31
seedless
Plants that do not bear seeds, usually produce spores
32
seed bearing
Bearing seeds
33
Gymnosperms
Produce naked seeds
34
Angiosperms
The flowering plants. Flowers work in some ways like cones do for Gymnosperms
35
Conifers
Cone bearing trees that do not loose their leaves
36
Monocot Characteristics
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ONe Cotyledon in seed
Root xylem and phloem in a ring
Vascular bundles scattered in stem
Leaf veins form in a parallel pattern
Flower parts in threes and multiple of three
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37
Dicots
```
Two cotyledons in seed
Root Phloem between arms of xylem
Vascular bundles in distinct ring
Leaf veins form from a net pattern
Flowering parts in fours or fives
```
38
what is the largest single flower
Rotting Corpse Lilly
39
What is the smallest flowering plant
Duckweed
40
Parenchyma cells
Loosely packed or elongated cells, found throughout the plant, form bulk of nonwoody plants
41
Collenchyma cells
Thicker irregular cells found beneath epidermis in young leaves, in leaf veins
42
Sclerenchyma cells
Thick rigid cells found in fibers in wood, bark, and leaves
| Involved in plant support and strengthening where plant no longer growing
43
Dermal tissue system
Protection and prevention of water loss along with gas exchange
44
Ground tissue system
Photosynthesis, food storage, regeneration, support, protection
45
Vascular tissue system
Transport of water and minerals, transport of food
46
WHere is the vascular tissue system located
In a central column
47
Where is the ground tissue system located
Surrounding the vascular tissue and internal to the epidermis
48
What type of tissue are the veins in leaves
Vascular tissue
49
Epidermis
Outer layer made of Parenchyma cells
50
Cuticle
waxy layer that covers epidermis, prevents water loss
51
Stomata
Openings in leaf and stem epidermis that regulate passage of gasses and moisture
52
Where does plant growth originate
Meristems regions where cells continueously divide
53
How do plants grow in length
Primary growth produced by apical and intercalary meristems
54
Growth in diameter
Secondary growth, produced by lateral meristems
55
Meristems
produce new cells
56
Apical meristems
Located at root and shoot tips
57
Lateral meristems
Replaces epidermis with secondary dermal tissue
58
Roots
Anchor the plant in the soil absorb and transport water and mineral nutrients and store water and organic compounds for the plants
59
Taproot
The largest root of the plant, do not grow very deeply
60
Fibrous
in plants where primary roots do not grow large, many small roots that branch out ex. Grasses
61
Adventitious
Specialized roots that grow from uncommon places such as to support plant or obtain water and nutrients from the air
62
Root hairs
extensions of epidermal cells that increase the surface area of root and thus plant's ability to absorb water and minerals from soil
63
what are functions of a root
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absorption of Macronutrients and micronutrients
Transportation
Anchoring
Storage of carbs and water\
Growth
```
64
Rhizomes
underground perennial stems such as in ferns
65
Stolons
grow along soil surface, produce new plants
66
Tuber
Underground modified for storing energy as starch
67
Succulent
Green fleshy stems that store water and carry out photosynthesis
68
Thorns
Protective spines
69
Corms
in certain bulb flowers such as crocuses gladioli, cyclamens; store nutrients so plant can survive winter or drought
70
Parasitic
strange other plants
71
node
space where each leaf is attached
72
Internode
The space between nodes is called
73
Bud
new shoot system
74
Terminal bud
The tip of each stem
75
Stem Functions
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Support
Keep the leaves in the light
Flower and fruit holder
Storage of fluids and nutrients
Transport fluids between roots and shoots
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76
Tendrill
Modified leaf such as found in peas and other vines, that wraps around other objects and supports the vine
77
Tubular leaves
A leaf modification where water is trapped in leaves to lure insects or small animals so the plant can then digest the bodies for nutrients missing in the soil
78
Spines/Prickles
protect plant from being eaten
79
Bulb
An underground mass of fleshy storage leaves
80
Dermal tissues
Epidermis, containing single layer of cells coated with impermeable cuticle.
81
Ground Tissues
Located between epidermis layers, made of mesophyll site of most photosynthesis, 2 types: palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll
82
Vascular tissue
Composed of veins which lie embedded in mesophyll
83
Leaf Functions
Site of photosynthesis
Capturing light
Gas exchange
84
Pistil
female part of flower
85
Stamen
Male part of a flower
86
endosperm
Tissue which nourishes the embryo
87
Fruit
A mature ovary
88
Are seeds living
Yes
89
How ways seeds are spread
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Animals
Fruits
Humans
Wind
Tumbleweeds
Water
Gravity
Propulsion
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90
Cotyledons
In all seeds the embryo has one or more seed leaves
91
Seed germination
Seed to plant
92
Dormancy
Seeds waiting to germinate state of reduce metabolism where growth and development does not occur
93
Conditions needed for germination
Water, oxygen, light, correct temperature
