Chapter 10 - Notes

Question 1

What are the four hints to third declension.

Answer 1

The four hints:
1. Memorize the genitive singular form with the lexical form.
2. Whatever happens in the nominative singular (ς) also happens in the dative plural (σι).
3. and 4. ν and τ drop out before a σ.

Question 2

True or False. All ματ stems are neuter.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is a stop?

Answer 3

A stop is a consonant whose sound is formed by slowing down or completely stopping the flow of air through the mouth.

Question 4

What is Labial?

Answer 4

π, β, and φ are formed by using the lips to impede the air flow momentarily. Try to say π without letting your lips touch.

Question 5

What is Velar?

Answer 5

κ, γ, and χ are formed by pushing up the middle of the tongue against the soft part of the roof of the mouth.

Question 6

What is Dental?

Answer 6

τ, δ, and θ are formed by clicking the tongue against the back of the teeth.

Question 7

What does unvoiced, voiced, and aspirates mean?

Answer 7

1. π, κ, and τ are “unvoiced” because the voice box is not used in their pronunciation.
2. β, γ, and δ are “voiced” because the voice box is used.
3. The final column of stops, φ, χ, and θ, technically are not stops but “aspirates” because the air flow is only slowed down.

Question 8

What other 3 ways can an article function?

Answer 8

It is a “weak demonstrative,” which means it can function as a demonstrative (“that”), a relative (“who”), or even a personal pronoun (“he,” “she,” “one”), depending upon the needs of the context.