chapter 10. part 1

Question 1

functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 1

produces skeletal muscle
maintains posture and body position
supports soft tissue
guards entrances and exits
thermoregulation

Question 2

muscle fascicles

Answer 2

are made of groups of muscle fiber

Question 3

skeletal muscles are composed of

Answer 3

muscle fascicles and connective tissue coverings

Question 4

epimysium

Answer 4

covers the whole muscle, separates muscle from surrounding tissues and organs

Question 5

perimysium

Answer 5

around muscle fascicle. divides muscle into a series of fascicles

Question 6

the perimysium contains_and_which will serve the muscle fibers located within

Answer 6

blood vessels and nerves

Question 7

endomysium

Answer 7

surrounds individual muscle fiber and loosely interconnects adjacent muscle fibers

Question 8

the endomysium contains which three things?

Answer 8

capillary network
myosatelite cell
nerve fibers

Question 9

what is a capillary network?

Answer 9

supplies blood to the muscle fiber

Question 10

what is a myosatelite cell?

Answer 10

stem cell for repairing muscle tissue

Question 11

a nerve fiber controls?

Answer 11

the muscle

Question 12

all connective tissue coverings are continuos with each other and the collagen fibers of the layers will merge to form either or.

Answer 12

tendon or aponerosis

Question 13

a tendon is?

Answer 13

a bundle of dense regular connective tissue connecting muscle to bone

Question 14

Aponeurosis is a?

Answer 14

broad sheet of dense regular connective tissue providing a larger attachment which may include one or more bone

Question 15

deep fascia

Answer 15

dense irregualr connective tissue sheet external to the epimyosium which separates muscles from eachother

Question 16

superficial fascia

Answer 16

is areolar and adipose connective tissue sheet that separates muscle from skin

Question 17

skeletal muscle fibers are

Answer 17

extremely large cells that have multiple nuclei just inside of the cell membrane

Question 18

during skeletal muscle development

Answer 18

several myoblasts fuse to form one large multinucleate cell

Question 19

myosatellite cells

Answer 19

those that do not fuse and remain on the outside of the fiber become

Question 20

what cell enlarge, divide and fuse with damaged muscle fibers?

Answer 20

myosatellite cells

Question 21

the more nuclei a cell has allows

Answer 21

for faster production of proteins needed for contraction

Question 22

a sarcolemma is

Answer 22

the cell membrane of a muscle fiber

Question 23

uneven distributions of ions across this membrane produces

Answer 23

transmembrane potential

Question 24

transveres tubules(t-tubules)

Answer 24

are narrow tubes continuos with the sarcolemma and extend into the sarcoplasm and contains voltage gated channels

Question 25

why does this allow all regions of the muscle fiber to receive the signal for contraction quickly ?

Answer 25

so the entire cell can contract at once

Question 26

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 26

tubular network surrounding each myofibril for storage of calcium ions

Question 27

terminal cisternae

Answer 27

end of the sarcoplasmic reticulum which has enlarged and fused with a transverse tubule

Question 28

a triad is

Answer 28

a transveres tubule and a terminal cistern added together

Question 29

the membrane contains

Answer 29

ion pumps and gated calcuim ion channels

Question 30

ion pumps move

Answer 30

calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum from the sarcoplasm

Question 31

gated calcium ion channels

Answer 31

open in response to electrical stimulus allowing calcium ions out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 32

the gated remain closed

Answer 32

without an electrical signal

Question 33

myofibrils are

Answer 33

bundles of myofiliments surrounded by transverse tubules running the length of the muscle fiber

Question 34

myofiliments are

Answer 34

protein filaments necessary for muscle contraction

Question 35

thick filaments

Answer 35

myosin is the primary protein molecule

Question 36

myosin tails

Answer 36

are long interwoven polypeptide chains that bind with other myosin molecules

Question 37

myosin heads

Answer 37

contain teo globular protien subunits and will interact with thin filaments during contrition which form a cross bridge

Question 38

the myosin heads contain an attachment site for?

Answer 38

ATP

Question 39

what is the structure of thick filaments?

Answer 39

myosin tails point towards each other and heads siral out facing the thin filament

Question 40

Titin(connection) is

Answer 40

elastic core extending past myosin which recoils after stretching.

Question 41

titian only becomes tense when..

Answer 41

external forces cause a stretch

Question 42

thin filaments primary protien is

Answer 42

actin

Question 43

individual Globular actin proteins are strung together to form long strands known as?

Answer 43

filamentous Actin

Question 44

why does the thin filament have a helical structure?

Answer 44

because it consists if two strands of filamentous actin that coil around each other

Question 45

what does each globular actin contain?

Answer 45

myosin binding site

Question 46

nebulin

Answer 46

is a long protein holding the two strands of f actin

Question 47

tropomyosin

Answer 47

is a long double stranded protein molecule which blocks myosin binding sites on actin when muscles are at rest

Question 48

troponin

Answer 48

is a protien molecule with three globular subunits

Question 49

troponin binds with?

Answer 49

tropomyosin actin calcium ions when they become present

Question 50

what is actinin

Answer 50

its an attachment for thin filaments which interconnects neighboring sarcomeres

Question 51

sarcomeres

Answer 51

repeating functional units of myofilaments extended along myofibrils

Question 52

what is aligned throughout the muscle creating a banding pattern?

Answer 52

sacromeres

Question 53

the light bands are?

Answer 53

I bands

Question 54

I bands are?

Answer 54

made of thin filaments only

Question 55

a Z line is

Answer 55

the center of I bands where thin filaments are anchored into actinin

Question 56

what marks the end of a sarcomere?

Answer 56

a Z line

Question 57

The dark bands are?

Answer 57

A bands

Question 58

A bands are?

Answer 58

location of the thick filaments

Question 59

a zone of over lap is where?

Answer 59

thick filaments are interspersed with thin filaments

Question 60

H bands contain only what filament?

Answer 60

thick

Question 61

A M line is

Answer 61

the middle of an H band which connects the thick filament

Question 62

Sliding filament theory

Answer 62

when skeletal muscle fibers contract, the thin filaments slide past the thick filaments

Question 63

during contraction H bands get?

Answer 63

smaller

Question 64

during contraction I bands get?

Answer 64

smaller

Question 65

during contraction the

Answer 65

Z line moves closer together

Question 66

During contraction the zone of overlap

Answer 66

gets larger