Chapter 3

Question 1

energy

Answer 1

the capacity to do work

Question 2

potential energy

Answer 2

energy stored

Question 3

kinetic energy

Answer 3

energy of motion

Question 4

metabolism

Answer 4

collective term for all biochemical reactions in living organisms

Question 5

chemical reactions

Answer 5

whenever chemical bonds form or break

Question 6

reactants

Answer 6

starting substance

Question 7

products

Answer 7

substances which results from the chemical reaction

Question 8

matter is not created nor destroyed

Answer 8

every atom present in the reactant must also be present in the product

Question 9

example

Answer 9

2H2 + O2—> 2H2O

Question 10

decomposition

Answer 10

breaks down molecules into smaller units

Question 11

hydrolysis

Answer 11

decomposition reaction using water

Question 12

catabolism

Answer 12

all decomposition reactions in the body

Question 13

synthesis

Answer 13

assembles larger molecules from smaller ones

Question 14

dehydration synthesis

Answer 14

formation of complex molecules by removing water

Question 15

anabolism

Answer 15

all synthesis reactions in the body

Question 16

exchange

Answer 16

parts of the reacting molecules are moved around to create new products

Question 17

most prevalent type of reaction in the human body

Answer 17

exchange

Question 18

exergonic

Answer 18

release energy, usually decomposition reactions

Question 19

endergonic

Answer 19

requires energy, synthesis reactions use this

Question 20

reversible

Answer 20

reactants become products at an equal rate of products becoming reactants

Question 21

irreversible

Answer 21

reactants are converted into products

Question 22

enzymes

Answer 22

proteins that speed up normal physiological activities by lowering activation energy

Question 23

catalyze

Answer 23

speed up normal physiological activities

Question 24

activation energy

Answer 24

energy required to start a reaction

Question 25

what else do enzymes do?

Answer 25

accelerate reactions without being consumed or changed

Question 26

substrates

Answer 26

reactants in enzymatic reactions bind to active sites

Question 27

active sites are

Answer 27

a region in an enzyme with a specific shape

Question 28

step 2 in facilitating reactions

Answer 28

enzyme substrate complex

Question 29

step 3 in facilitating reactions

Answer 29

temporary shape change occurs putting stress on bonds to promote product formation

Question 30

step 4 in facilitating reactions

Answer 30

product leaves active site and the enzyme is free to repeat the process

Question 31

energy for cells comes from

Answer 31

adenosine triphosphate or ATP`

Question 32

a high energy compound

Answer 32

contains a high energy bond

Question 33

energy is release when?

Answer 33

a high energy bond is broken

Question 34

adenosine

Answer 34

organic molecule made of adenine and ribose

Question 35

three phosphate groups

Answer 35

with high energy bonds between them

Question 36

cellular respiration

Answer 36

a multistep metabolic pathway where organic molecules are broken down in a controlled manner by a series of enzymes

Question 37

glucose oxidation

Answer 37

occurs within cells and is a step by step enzymatic break down of glucose with the release of energy to synthesize ATP

Question 38

Glycolysis

Answer 38

location in cytosol, requires no oxygen and breaks down into 2 pyruvate -uses 2 ATP to start and makes 4 and gains 2 ATP

Question 39

intermediate stage

Answer 39

location in mitochondria aerobic- requires oxygen pyruvate loses a carbon( leaves as CO2) the remaining 2 carbon structure is acetyl binds with co enzyme a--acetyl CoA then delivers remaining carbons to mitochondria for break down

Question 40

citric acid cycle

Answer 40

mitichondria, requires energy