chapter 2 :2.4-2.8

Question 1

water makes up:

Answer 1

2/3 of out body

Question 2

roles in the body that water has

Answer 2

1. transportation
2. lubrication
3. cushions
4. temperature regulation
5. surface tension
6. universal solvent

Question 3

transportation

Answer 3

substances move throughout the body in water based fluids

Question 4

lubrication

Answer 4

reduces friction between body surfaces

Question 5

examples of lubrication in the body

Answer 5

serous fluid in body cavities and synovial fluid in joints

Question 6

examples of transportation water place in the body

Answer 6

blood, urine and lymph fluids

Question 7

cushions

Answer 7

absorbes forces during sudden movements

Question 8

example of cushioning in the body is

Answer 8

cerebrial spinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord

Question 9

temperature regulation

Answer 9

absorbs and maintains heat, when water turns to gas it takes a lot of heat with it

Question 10

example of temperature regulation

Answer 10

sweat is used to cool body down when it gets to hot

Question 11

surface tension

Answer 11

holds areas together through adhesion and cohesion

Question 12

cohesion

Answer 12

attraction between water molecule

Question 13

adhesion

Answer 13

attraction between water and another substance

Question 14

example of surface tension

Answer 14

holds the visceral and parietal serous membranes of cavities together

Question 15

hydrophiliac

Answer 15

substances that dissolve in water

Question 16

examples of hydrophilic

Answer 16

polar molecules and ions

Question 17

hydrophobic

Answer 17

substances that do not dissolve in water

Question 18

example of hydrophobic

Answer 18

non polar molecules

Question 19

amphipatic

Answer 19

substances that partially dissolve in water

Question 20

examples of amphipatic molecules

Answer 20

molecules with polar and non polar regions/ phospholipids

Question 21

phosphate head is

Answer 21

polar(hydrophilic)

Question 22

fatty tails are

Answer 22

non polar(hydrophobic)

Question 23

PH scale

Answer 23

a measure of relative amounts of hydrogen ions(H+) range is 0-14

Question 24

neutral on the ph scale

Answer 24

7

Question 25

acidic on the ph scale

Answer 25

less than 7

Question 26

basic on the ph scale

Answer 26

greater than 7

Question 27

acids

Answer 27

solutes which release a hydrogen ion, proton donors

Question 28

bases

Answer 28

solutes which bind with a hydrogen ion, proton acceptor

Question 29

to form water..

Answer 29

many bases release a hydroxide ion which binds with a hydrogen ion

Question 30

example of an acid

Answer 30

hydrochloric acid

Question 31

example of a base

Answer 31

sodium hydroxide

Question 32

neutralization

Answer 32

returning an acidic or basic solution to a pH of 7

Question 33

buffers

Answer 33

compounds that help prevent ph change. they can both accept or donate hydrogen ions

Question 34

example of buffers

Answer 34

carbonic acid - bicarbonate buffering system in blood

Question 35

water mixtures

Answer 35

categorized by relative size of substance mixed with water

Question 36

suspersion

Answer 36

large molecules in water, separates when stationary

Question 37

collid

Answer 37

medium sized molecule dispersed in water, doesn't separate when stationary

Question 38

solution

Answer 38

small molecules dissolved in water. does not separate when stationary

Question 39

solition concentration

Answer 39

amount of solutes dissolved in a solution

Question 40

mass/volume

Answer 40

mass of solute per volume of solution, often used for blood tests

Question 41

mass/volume percent

Answer 41

grams of solute per 100ml of solution. unit of measure for intravenous solutions

Question 42

molarity

Answer 42

number of moles per solute per liter of solution

Question 43

osmolarity

Answer 43

number of particles per liter of solution

Question 44

osmole

Answer 44

unit of measure for number of particles. reflects if the solute dissociates or not

Question 45

organic compound

Answer 45

always contains carbon and hydrogen

Question 46

lipids

Answer 46

not polymers, they are a very diverse group of fatty, water insoluble molecules

Question 47

What are the four types of lipids?

Answer 47

triglycerides, phospholipids,steroids ans eicosanoids

Question 48

functions of lipids?

Answer 48

energy storage, support, cushioning, insulation and cell membrane communication

Question 49

carbohydrates

Answer 49

means "hydrated carbons" every carbon has a water molecule attached -o and -oh

Question 50

Examples of carbs

Answer 50

``` Glucose frucose sucrose lactose glycogen starch cellulose ```

Question 51

primary function of carbohydrates

Answer 51

main source of energy

Question 52

nucleic acids

Answer 52

composed of a pentose sugar, a phosphate functional group and a nitrogenous base

Question 53

examples of nucleic acids

Answer 53

DNA | RNA

Question 54

functions of nucleic acids

Answer 54

stores and transfers genetic information and protein synthesis