Chapter 10: The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
Analgesic
A
Pertaining to relieving pain
A medication that relieves pain
2
Q
anastomosis
A
A surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other
Blood vessels may be performed to bypass an occluded area and restore normal blood flow to the heart
3
Q
Aneurysm
A
Localized dilation of a weakened area of the wall of an artery
The weakened area balloons out with every pulsation of the artery
4
Q
Aneurysm/o
A
Aneurysm
5
Q
Aneurysmectomy
A
Surgical removal of the sac of an aneurysm
6
Q
-Ectomy
A
Surgical removal
7
Q
Anomaly
A
Deviation from normal
Birth defect
8
Q
Anorexia
A
Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
9
Q
-Orexia
A
Appetite
10
Q
Aplastic
A
Without development
11
Q
Arthralgia
A
Joint pain
12
Q
ascites
A
An abnormal collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
13
Q
asystole
A
Absence of contractions of the heart
14
Q
-Systole
A
Contraction of the heart
15
Q
Atherosclerosis
A
A form of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) characterized by fatty deposits building up within the inner layers of the walls of larger arteries
16
Q
Ather/o
A
Fatty
17
Q
Scler/o
A
Hardening
18
Q
Benign
A
noncancerous
Not progressive
19
Q
Bruit
A
An abnormal sound or murmur heard with a stethoscope when listening to a carotid artery, organ, or gland
20
Q
Cardiologist
A
One who specializes in the study of disease and disorders of the heart
21
Q
Cardi/o
A
Heart
22
Q
-Logist
A
One who specializes in the study of
23
Q
Cardiology
A
The study of the heart
24
Q
-Logy
A
The study of
25
Carditis
Inflammation of the heart muscles
26
-itis
Inflammation
27
Carotid endarterectomy
A surgical procedure performed to remove plaque buildup in the carotid arteries and facilitate blood how
28
Endo-
Within
29
Arter/o
Artery
30
Claudication
Cramplike pains in the calves of the legs caused by poor circulation to the muscles of the legs
31
Coronary artery
One of the pair of arteries that branch from the aorta
Supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle
32
Coron/o
Heart
33
Cusp
Any one of the small flaps on the values of the heart
34
Dependent edema
A fluid accumulation in the tissues influenced by gravity
35
Diastole
The period of relaxation of the heart, alternating with the contraction phase known as systole
36
Dysrhythmia
Abnormal rhythm
37
Dys-
Bad, difficult, painful, disorder
38
-Rhythmia
Rhythm
39
Echocardiogram
The graphic outline or record of movements of structures of the heart produced by ultrasonography (ultrasound)
40
Echo-
Sound
41
-Gram
Record or picture
42
Edema
The localized or generalized collection of fluid within the body tissues, causing the area to swell
43
Embolus
A clot or part of a clot that has dislodged from another vessel and moved into a smaller vessel, possibly causing an obstruction to the flow of blood
44
Embol/i
To throw
45
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
46
Epicardium
The inner layer of the pericardium, which is the double-folded membrane that encloses the heart
47
Epi-
Upon, over
48
hemostasis
Stopping or controlling the flow of blood
49
Hem/o
Blood
50
-stasis
Stopping
Controlling
51
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver
52
Hepat/o
Liver
53
-Megaly
Enlarged
54
Homan's sign
Pain felt in the calf of the leg, or behind the knee, when the examiner is purposely dorsiflexing the foot of the patient
55
Hyperlipidemia
An excessive level of fats in the blood
56
Hypertension
Elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 135 / 85 mmhg
High blood pressure
Arterial hypertension
57
Hypotension
Low blood pressure
Less than normal blood pressure reading
58
Hypo-
Under, below, beneath, less than normal
59
hypoxemia
Insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood
60
Hyp-
Under, below, beneath, less than normal
61
Ox/o
Oxygen
62
Infraction
A localized area of necrosis (death) in tissue, a vessel, an organ, or a part resulting from lack of oxygen (anoxia) due to interrupted blood for to the area
63
Ischemia
Decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ
64
Lesion
A wound, injury, or any pathological change in body tissue
65
Leukopenia
An abnormal decrease in number of White blood cells to fewer than 5,000 cells per cubic millimeter
Leukcytopenia
66
Leuk/o
White
67
-Penia
Decrease in
Deficiency
68
Lipid
Any of a group of fats or fatlike substances found in the blood
69
Lumen
A cavity or the channel within any organ or structure of the body
Space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube
70
Malaise
A vague feeling of body weakness or discomfort, often indicating the onset of an illness or disease
71
Mal-
Bad, poor
72
Mediastinum
The area between the lungs in the chest cavity that contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and bronchi
73
Murmur
A low-pitched humming or fluttering sound heard on auscultation
74
Megaloblastic anemia
A form of anemia characterized by excessive production of immature large erythrocytes (red blood cells), unable to carry on their normal function
75
Megal/o
Large
76
Blast/o
Embryonic stage of development
77
Myelodysplastic syndrome
A rave group of blood disorders that occur as a result of poorly formed or dysfunctional blood cells within the bone marrow
The bone marrow does not make enough healthy blood cells and there are abnormal (blast) cells in the blood and/or bone marrow
78
Myocardium
The middle muscular layer of the heart
79
My/o
Muscle
80
nocturia
Urination at night
81
Noct/o
Night
82
-Uria
Urine condition
83
Occlusion
Closure, or state of being closed
84
Orthopnea
An abnormal condition in which a person sits up straight or stands up to breathe comfortably
85
Orth/o
Straight
86
-Pnea
Breathing
87
Pacemaker
The SA node (sinoatrial) of the heart located in the right atrium
Responsible for initiating the heartbeat, influencing the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat
88
Palpable
Detectable by touch
89
Palpitation
A pounding or racing of the heart, associated with normal emotional responses or with heart disease
90
Pericardial
Pertaining to the pericardium
91
Pericardium
The double membranous sac that encloses the heart and the origins of the great blood vessels
92
Peri-
Around
93
Petechiae
Small, purplish, hemorrhage spots on the skin
May be due to abnormality in the blood-clotting mechanism of the body
94
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
95
Phleb/o
Vein
96
Pitting edema
Swelling, usually of the skin of the extremities, that when pressed firmly with a finger will maintain the dent produced by the finger
97
Prophylactic
All agent that protects against disease
98
Pulmonary artery
One of a pair of arteries that transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation
Only arteries in the body to carry deoxygenated blood
99
Pulmon/o
Lungs
100
-Ary
Pertaining to
101
Pulmonary circulation
The circulation of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and back to the left atrium of the heart
From the heart, to the lungs, back to the heart
102
Pulmonary vein
One of the four large veins (two from each lung) that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart
Only veins in the body to carry oxygenated blood
103
SA node
Sinoartrial node
Pacemaker of the heart
104
Septicemia
Systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating blood stream, having spread from an infection many part of the body
105
Septum
A wall, or partition, that devices or separates two cavities
106
Serum sickness
A hyper sensitivity reaction that may occur two to three weeks after administration of an antiserum
107
Sydenham's chorea
A form of chorea (involuntary muscle twitching) associated with rheumatic fever, usually occurring in childhood
108
Systemic circulation
The circulation of blood from the left ventricle of the heart, throughout the body, and back to the right atrium of the heart
Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle of the heart and is distributed to the capillaries
Deoxygenated blood is picked up from the capillaries and is transported back to the right atrium of the heart
109
Systole
The contraction phase of the heartbeat forcing blood into the aorta and the pulmonary arteries
110
Thrombosis
The formation or existence of a blood clot
111
Thromb/o
Clot
112
Vasoconstriction
Narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel
113
Vegetation
An abnormal growth of tissue around a value
114
Anorexia
Lack or loss of appetite
115
Anxiety
A feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, or dread, especially of the future
116
Bradycardia
A slow heart rate characterized by a pulse rate under 60 beats per minute
117
Chest pain
Feeling of discomfort in the chest area
118
Cyanosis
Slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark discoloration of the skin due to the presence of abnormal amounts of reduced hemoglobin in the blood
119
Cyan/o
Blueness
120
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing
Air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain
121
Edema
A local or generalized condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amounts of tissue fluids
Swelling
122
Fatigue
A feeling of tiredness or weariness resulting from continued activity or as a side effect from some psychotropic drug
123
Fever
Elevation of temperature above normal
124
Headache
A diffuse pain in different portions of the head and not confined to any nerve distribution area
125
Nausea
Unpleasant sensation, usually preceding vomiting
126
Pallor
Lack of color, paleness
An unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin
127
Palpitation
Rapid, violent, or throbbing pulsation, as an abnormally rapid throbbing or fluttering of the heart
128
Sweat
Perspiration
The liquid secreted by the sweat glands, having a salty taste
129
Tachycardia
Abnormal rapidity of heart action, usually defined as a heart rate over 100 beats per minute
130
Tachy-
Rapid
131
Vomiting
Ejection through the mouth of the gastric content
132
Weakness
Lacking physical strength or vigor (energy)
133
Angina pectoris
Severe pain and constriction about the heart, usually radiating to the left shoulder and down the left arm, creating a feeling of pressure in the anterior chest
134
Cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart caused by the accumulation of blood or other fluid within the pericardial sac
135
Cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle itself, primarily affecting the pumping ability of the heart
136
Congestive heart failure
Condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and abdominal discomfort
137
Coronary artery disease
Narrowing of the coronary arteries to the extent that adequate blood supply to the myocardium is prevented
138
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the membrane lining of the values and chambers of the heart caused by direct invasion of bacteria or other organisms and leading to deformity of the value cusps
139
Hypertensive heart disease
A result of long-term hypertension
Heart is affected because it must work against increased resistance due to increased pressure in the arteries
140
Mitral value proplase
Dropping of one or both cusps of the mitral value back into the left atrium during ventricular systole, resulting in incomplete closure of the value mitral insufficiency
141
Myocardial infarction
Heart attack
Condition caused by occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries
142
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the myocardium
143
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium
May be acute or chronic
144
Rheumatic fever
An inflammatory disease that may develop as a delayed reaction to insufficiently treated group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract
145
Aneurysm
A localized dilation of an artery formed at a weak point in the vessel wall
146
Aneurysm/o
Aneurysm
147
Arteriosclerosis
An arterial condition in which there is thickening, hardening, and loss of electricity of the walls of arteries, resulting in decreased blood supply, especially to the lower extremities and cerebrum
Hardening of the arteries
148
Hypertension
A condition in which the patient has a higher blood pressure than that judged to be normal
149
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease
Obstruction of the arteries in the extremities (predominantly the legs)
