Chapter 12: The Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
-emesis
A
Vomit
2
Q
-istry
A
Speciality of
3
Q
-Lithiasis
A
Stone
4
Q
-Orexia
A
Appetite
5
Q
-Pepsia
A
Digestion
6
Q
-Phagia
A
Eat, swallow
7
Q
-Prandial
A
Pertaining to a meal
8
Q
-Tripsy
A
Surgical crushing
9
Q
Bradypepsia
A
Having a slow digestive system
10
Q
Cachexia
A
Loss of weight and wasting occurring during chronic disease
11
Q
Cholecystalgia
A
Gallbladder pain
12
Q
dysorexia
A
Having an abnormal, usually diminished, appetite
13
Q
Gastralgia
A
Stomach pain
14
Q
Hematemesis
A
Vomiting blood
15
Q
Hyperemesis
A
Excessive vomiting
16
Q
Obesity
A
Weight above healthy levels
17
Q
Pyrosis
A
Stomach acid splashing into esophagus
Heartburn
18
Q
Regurgitation
A
Back flow of stomach contents into mouth
19
Q
Aphthous ulcers
A
Ulcers in the mouth
Commonly called canker sores
20
Q
Cleft palate
A
Congenital anomaly where hard palate fails to fuse in the midline, leaving an opening into nasal cavity
21
Q
Cleft lip
A
Congenital anomaly where upper lip and jaw fail to fuse in the midline, leaving a gap
22
Q
Gingivitis
A
Inflammation of the gums
23
Q
Herpes labialis
A
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection
Fever blisters or cold sores
24
Q
Sialadenitis
A
Inflammation of a salivary gland
25
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Acid from stomach flows backward up into esophagus causing inflammation and pain
26
Gastric carcinoma
Malignant tumor in stomach
27
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and small intestines
28
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach
29
Hiatal hernia
Profusion of stomach through diaphragm into thoracic cavity
Diaphragmatocele
30
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Ulcer in the lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum
Caused by high acid of stomach juices
May be a result of helicobacter pylori infection
31
Bowel incontinence
Inability to control defecation
32
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of a diverticulum, an outputting off the colon
Resulting from food being trapped inside
33
Inguinal hernia
Profusion of a loop of bowel through abdominal muscle and into groin region
May become incarcerated or strangulated it muscle pinones the loop of bowel
34
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of gallbladder
Commonly caused by gallstones
35
Cholelithiasis
Presence of gallstones
May or may not cause symptoms
36
Colonoscope
Instrument used to visually examine the colon
37
Gastroscope
Instrument used to visually examine the stomach
38
gastroscopy
Process of visually examining inside the stomach
39
Laparoscope
Instrument used to visually examine inside the abdominal cavity
40
Laparoscopy
Process of visually examining inside of abdominal cavity
41
Sigmoïdoscope
Instrument used to visually examine the sigmoid colon
42
Sigmoidoscopy
Process of visually examining inside of sigmoid colon
43
anastomosis
Surgical creation of a connection between two organs
Like joining together two sections of colon
44
Bariatric surgery
Surgical procedures to treat morbid obesity
Like stomach stapling
45
Choledocholithotripsy
Surgical crushing of a gallstone in the common bile duct
46
Colectomy
Surgical removal of the colon
47
Exploratory laparotomy
Surgical procedure to examine the abdominal organs
48
Fistulectomy
Removal of a fistula
49
Gastrectomy
Surgical removal of the stomach
50
Gastric stapling
Procedure to close off large section of stomach with rows of staples
Results in much smaller stomach
51
Gastrostomy
Surgical procedure to create a new opening into the stomach through abdominal wall
52
Hemorrhoidectomy
Surgical removal of hemorrhoids
53
ileostomy
Surgical creation of a new opening into the ileum
54
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of gallbladder through a laparoscopic incision
55
Laparotomy
To cut into the abdominal cavity
56
Abdomen
The portion of the body between the thorax (chest) and the pelvis
The diaphragm separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity
The stomach is located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen
57
Absorption
The passage of substances across and into tissues, such as the passage of digested food molecules into intestinal cells or the passage of liquids into kidney tubules
58
Aerophagia
The swelling of air
Excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, which may result in belching and gas
59
Aer/o
Air
Gas
60
-Phagia
To eat
61
Alimentary canal
A musculomembranous tube, about 30 feet long, extending from the mouth to the anus and lined with mucous membrane
Also called the digestive tract or the gastrointestinal tract
62
Aliment/o
Nutrition
63
-ary
Pertaining to
64
Amino acids
An organic chemical compound composed of one or more basic amino groups and one or more acidic Carboxyl groups
65
Amylase
An enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules
66
Amyl/o
Starch
67
-ase
Enzyme
68
anastomosis
A surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other
69
Anus
The opening through which the solid wastes (feces) are eliminated from the body
70
An/o
Anus
71
-Us
Noun ending
72
ascites
An abnormal intrapentoneal (within the peritoneal cavity) accumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes
73
ascitic fluid
A watery fluid containing albumin, glucose, and electrolytes that accumulates in the peritoneal cavity in association with certain disease conditions (such as liver disease)
74
Bicuspid tooth
One of the two teeth between the molars and the canines of the upper and lower jaw, the bicuspid teeth have a flat surface with multiple projections (cusps) for crushing and grinding food
Also known as premolar tooth
75
Bile
A bitter, yellow-green secretion of the liver
76
Bilirubin
The orange-yellow pigment of bite, formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells after termination of their normal life span
77
bolus
A ball-like mass of chewed food (mixed with saliva) that is ready to be swallowed
78
Bowel
The portion of the alimentary canal extending from the pyloric opening of the stomach to the anus
79
Cachexia
A condition of general ill health and malnutrition
Physical wasting with loss of weight and muscle mass due to a disease
80
Canine tooth
Any one of the four teeth, two in each jaw, situated immediately lateral to the incisor teeth in the human dental arches
Also called cuspid tooth
81
Cardiac sphincter
The muscular lung ring (sphincter) in the stomach that controls the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach
Also known as the lower esophageal sphincter
82
Cecum
A cul-de-sac containing the first part of the large intestine
It joins the ileum, the last segment of the small intestine
83
cholangiogram
A record, or X-ray film, of the bile ducts following the injection of a radio paque contrast medium
84
Chol/e
Bile
85
Angi/o
Vessel
86
-Gram
Record or picture
87
Choledocholithiasis
The presence of a stone (calculus) in the common bile duct
88
Choledoch/o
Common bile duct
89
Lith/o
Stone or calculus
90
-iasis
Presence of an abnormal condition
91
Cholelithiasis
Abnormal presence of gallstones in the gallbladder
92
Chyme
The liquidlike material of partially digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach just befor it is released into the duodenum
93
Colon
The portion of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum
94
Common bile duct
The duct formed by the joining of the cystic duct and hepatic duct
95
Crown
The part of the tooth that is visible above the gum line
96
Deciduous teeth
The first set or primary teeth
Baby teeth
97
Defecation
The act of expelling feces from the rectum through the anus
98
Deglutition
Swallowing
99
Dentin
The chief material of teeth surrounding the pulp and situated inside of the enamel and cementum
100
Dietitian
An Allied Health professional trained to plan nutrition programs for sick as well as healthy people
101
Digestion
The process of altering the chemical and physical composition of food so that it can be used by the body cells
This occurs in the digestive tract
102
Duodenum
The first portion of the small intestine
Shorts, widest, and most fixed portion of the small intestine, taking an almost circular course from the pyloric value of the stomach so that its termination is closed to its starting point
103
Duoden/o
Duodenum
104
Emulsify
To disperse a liquid into another liquid, making a colloidal suspension
Bile is released from the gallbladder into the small intestine in response to the presence of fatty content
Its purpose in the digestive process is to emulsify, or break down the fats into small droplets so the body can use them as nutrients
105
Enamel
A hard, white substance that covers the dentin of the crown of a tooth
Hardest substance in the body
106
Endocrine gland
A gland the secrets enzymes directly into the blood capillaries instead of being transported by way of ducts
107
Enzyme
A protein produced by living cells that catalyzes chemical reactions in organic matter
108
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
The process of direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using a lighted fiberoptic endoscope
Also known as an upper endoscopy
109
Esophagi/o
Esophagus
110
Gastr/o
Stomach
111
-Scopy
Process of viewing
112
Esophagus
A muscular canal, about 9.4 inches long, extending from the pharynx to the stomach
113
Exocrine gland
A gland the secretes its enzymes into a Network of tiny ducts that transport it to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel
114
Exo-
Outward
115
-crine
Secrete
116
Fatty acids
Any of several organic acids produced by the hydrolysis of neutral fats
117
Feces
Waste or excrement from the digestive tract that is formed in the intestine and expelled through the rectum
118
Gallbladder
A pear-shaped excretory sac lodged in a fossa on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver
119
Gastroenterologist
A medical doctor who specializes in the study of the diseases and disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract (including the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and bile duct)
120
Enter/o
Small intestine
121
-Logist
One who specializes in the study of
122
gavage
A procedure in which liquid or semiliquid food is introduced into the stomach through a tube
123
Gingiva
Gum tissue
124
Gingiv/o
Gums
125
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
126
Glucagon
A hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose when the blood sugar level is dangerously low
127
Glucose
A simple sugar found in certain foods, especially fruits, and major source of energy occurring in human and animal body fluids
128
Gluc/o
Sugar, sweet
129
-ose
Carbohydrate
130
Glycogen
A complex sugar (starch) that is the major carbohydrate stored in animal cells
From from glucose and stored chiefly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in muscle cells
131
Glyc/o
Sugar, sweet
132
-Gen
That which generates
133
glycogenesis
The conversion of simple sugar (glucose) into a complex form of sugar (starch) for storage in the liver
134
-genesis
The production of
Formation of
135
Glycogenolysis
The breakdown of glycogen into glucose by the liver, releasing it back into the circulating blood in response to a very low blood sugar level
136
Gen/o
To produce
137
-Lysis
Destruction or detachment
138
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood
139
Hemat/o
Blood
140
-emesis
To vomit
141
Hepatocyte
Liver cell
142
Hepat/o
Liver
143
Hydrochloric acid
A compound consisting of hydrogen and chlorine
144
ileum
The distal portion of the small intestine extending from the jejunum to the cecum
145
ile/o
ileum
146
Incisor
One of the eight front teeth, tour in each dental arch, that first appears as primary teeth during infancy are replaced by permant incisors during childhood and last until old age
147
Insulin
A naturally occurring hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas in response to increased levels of glucose in the blood
148
Jejunum
The intermediate or middle of the three portions of the small intestine, connecting proximally with the duodenum and dismally with the ileum
