Chapter 13: Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
Anorexia
A
A lack of appetite
2
Q
An-
A
Without
3
Q
Orex/o
A
Appetite
4
Q
Paresthesia
A
Abnormal secretion
5
Q
Glucosuria
A
Presence of sugar (glucose) in the urine
6
Q
Ketoacidosis
A
Excessive amounts of ketone acids in the bloodstream
7
Q
Ketonuria
A
Presence of ketones in the urine
8
Q
Acromegaly
A
A chronic condition characterized ny gradual, noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities due to oversection of the pituitary gland after puberty
9
Q
Acr/o
A
Extremities
10
Q
-Megaly
A
Enlargement
11
Q
Adenohypophysis
A
The anterior pituitary gland
12
Q
Adenoma
A
A glandular tumor
13
Q
Aden/o
A
Gland
14
Q
-Oma
A
Tumor
15
Q
Adenopathy
A
Any disease of a gland, characterized by enlargement
16
Q
-Pathy
A
Disease
17
Q
Adrenalectomy
A
Surgical removal of one or both of the adrenal glands
18
Q
Adren/o
A
Adrenal gland
19
Q
-Ectomy
A
Surgical removal
20
Q
Adrenalitis
A
Inflammation of the adrenal glands
21
Q
Adrenal/o
A
Adrenal gland
22
Q
Adrenocortical
A
Pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal glands
23
Q
Cortic/o
A
Cortex
24
Q
-Al
A
Pertaining to
25
Aldosterone
A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium balance in the blood
26
Androgen
Any steroid hormone that increases male characteristics
27
Antidiuretic
Pertaining to the suppression of urine production; any agent given to suppress the production of urine
28
Anti-
Against
29
Di/a
Through
30
Ur/o
Urine
31
-etic
Pertaining to
32
Cortex
Pertaining to the outer region of an organ or structure
33
Cortisol
A stored hormone occurring naturally in the blood
Hydrocortisone
34
Cretinism
A congenital condition (one that occurs at birth) caused by a lack of thyroid secretion
Characterized by dwarfism, slowed mental development, putty facial features, dry skin, and large tongue
35
Diabetes, gestational
A condition occurring in pregnancy characterized by the signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus
Symptoms usually disappear after pregnancy
36
Diabetes insipidus
A metabolic disorder characterized by extreme polydipsia and polyuria
Disorder of the pituitary gland due to a deficiency in secretion of the antidiuretic hormone
37
Diabetes mellitus
A disorder of the pancreas in which the beta cells of the islets of langerhans of the pancreas fail to produce an adequate amount of insulin, resulting in the body's inability to metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins appropriately
38
Diabetes ketoacidosis
A dangerous condition that occurs as result of severe lack of insulin, causing the body to break down fats instead of glucose for energy
39
Dwarfism
A condition in which there is an abnormal underdevelopment of the body
Characterized by extremely short height and is usually caused by undersecretion of the pituitary gland (growth hormone)
40
Endocrine gland
A ductless gland that produces a chemical substance called a hormone, which is secreted directly into the bloodstream instead of exiting the body through ducts
41
Endo-
Within
42
-Crene
Secrete
43
Endocrinologist
A physician who specializes in the medical practice of treating the disease and disorders of the endocrine System
44
-Logist
One who specializes in the study of
45
Endocrinology
The field of medicine that duals with the study of the endocrine system and of the treatment of the diseases and disorders of the endocrine system
46
-Logy
The study of
47
Epinephrine
A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla
Plays an important role in the body's response to stress by increasing the heart rate, dilating the bronchioles, and releasing glucose into the bloodstream
48
Estrogen
One of the female hormones that promotes the development of female secondary sex characteristics
49
Euthyroid
Pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland
50
Exocrine gland
A gland that opens onto the surface of the skin through ducts in the epithelium, such as oil glands or a sweat gland
51
Exophthalmia
An abnormal condition characterized by a marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs
52
Ex-
Outward
53
Ophthalm/o
Eye
54
-ia
Condition
55
Gigantism
An abnormal condition characterized by excessive size and height
Usually due to an oversecretion of the pituitary gland (growth hormone)
56
Glucagon
A hormone secreted by the islets of langerhans of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose
57
Glycogenesis
The formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins instead of from carbohydrates
58
Glucose
The simplest form of sugar in the body
Simple sugar found in certain foods, especially fruits
Major source of energy for the human body
59
Glycogenesis
The conversion excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver for later use as needed
60
Glyc/o
Sugar, sweet
61
-Genesis
Production of
Formation
62
Glycosuria
The presence of sugar in the urine
63
Glycos/o
Sugar, sweet
64
-Uria
Urine condition
65
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to excessive growth (hyperplasia)
66
Gonads
A term used to refer to the female sex glands (ovaries) and the male sex glands (testes)
67
Grave's disease
Hyperthyroidism
68
Growth hormone
Somatotropic hormone
69
Gynecomastia
An abnormal enlargement of the breasts in men
May involve one or both
70
Gynec/o
Women
71
Mast/o
Breast
72
Hirsutism
A condition in which there is excessive body hair in a male distribution pattern
73
Hypercalcemia
Elevated blood calcium levels
74
Hyperglycemia
Elevated blood sugar levels
75
Hyper-
Excessive
76
Calc/o
Calcium
77
- emia
Blood condition
78
Hypergonadism
Excessive activity of the ovaries or testes
79
Hyperinsulinism
An excessive amount of insulin in the body
80
Hyperkalemia
An elevated blood potassium levels
81
Kal/i
Potassium
82
Hypernatremia
An elevated blood sodium level
83
Natr/i
Sodium
84
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperactivity of any of the four parathyroid glands, resulting in an oversecretion of the parathyroid hormones
85
Parathyroid/o
Parathyroid glands
86
Hyperpituitarism
Overactivity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
87
Hyperthyroidism
Overactivity of the thyroid gland
Grave's disease
88
Hypocalcemia
Less than normal blood calcium level
89
Hypo-
Under, below, beneath, less than normal
90
Hypoglycemia
Less than normal blood sugar level
91
Hypokalemia
Less than normal blood potassium level
92
Hyponatremia
Less than normal blood sodium level
93
Hypophysectomy
Surgical removal of the pituitary gland
94
Hypothyroidism
Less than normal activity of the thyroid gland
95
Thyroid/o
Thyroid gland
96
Insulin shock
A state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar level caused by an overdose of insulin, a decreased intake of food, or excessive exercise by a patient who is diabetic and insulin dependent
Severe hypoglycemia is a medical emergency
97
Medulla
The internal part of the structure or organ
98
Metabolism
The sum of all physical and chemical processes that take place within the body
99
Myxedema
Most severe form is in an adult
Characterized by puffiness of the hands and face; coarse, thickened edematous skin; an enlargement of the tongue; slow speech; loss of and dryness of the hair;sensitivity to cold; drowsiness; and mental apathy
100
Norepinephrine
A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla
Plays in the important role in the body's response to stress by raising the blood pressure
101
Oxytocin
A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
Stimulates the contractions of the uterus during childbirth and stimulates the release of milk from the breasts of lactating women (women who breastfeed) in response to the suckling reflex of the infant
102
Oxy-
Rapid, Sharp
103
Toc/o
Child birth
104
-in
Enzyme
105
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst
106
Poly-
Many, much excessive
107
- dipsa
Thirst
108
Polyphagia
Excessive eating
109
-Phagia
Eating condition
110
Polyuria
The excretion of excessively large amounts of urine
111
Progesterone
A female hormone secreted by the ovaries
Primarily responsible for the changes that occur in the endometrium in anticipation of a fertilized ovum and for development of the maternal placenta after implantation of a fertilized ovum
112
Somatotropic hormone
A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates the cellular processes necessary for normal body growth
Growth hormone
113
Syndrome
A group of symptoms occurring together, indicative of a particular disease or abnormality
114
Syn-
Joined together
115
-Drome
That which runs together
116
T-cells
Specialized lymphocytes that are involved in the immune response
117
Tetany
A condition characterized by severe cramping and twitching of the muscles and sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints
Complication of hypocalcemia
118
Thymopoietin
A hormone secreted by the thymus, thought to stimulate the production of t-cells (which are involved in the immune response)
119
Thymosin
A hormone secreted by the thymus
Thought to stimulate the production of specialized lymphocytes, called t-cells, which are involved in the immune response
120
Thyroiditis
Inflammation of the thyroid gland
121
Thyroxine
A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland
Helps maintain normal body metabolism (abbreviated as t4)
122
Triiodothyronine
A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland
Helps regulate growth and development of the body and control metabolism and body temperature (abbreviated as t3)
123
virilism
The development of masculine physical traits in the female
Masculinization
May be due to an abnormality or dysfunction of the adrenal gland
124
Hypopituitarism
A complex syndrome resulting from the absence or deficiency of the pituitary hormone
125
Cancer, thyroid gland
Malignant tumor of the thyroid gland, which leads to dysfunction of the gland and thus inadequate or excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone
126
Thyroiditis, chronic
Chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland, leading to enlargement of the thyroid gland
127
Thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm)
An acute, sometimes fatal, incident of overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormone
128
Addison's disease
A life-threating disease process due to failure of the adrenal vortex to secrete adequate mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids resulting from an autoimmune process, a neoplasm, an infection, or a hemorrhage in the gland
129
Conn's disease (primary aldosteronism)
A condition characterized by excretion of excessive amounts of aldosterone, the most influential of the mineralcorticoids, which causes the body to retain extra sodium and excrete extra potassium, leading to an increased volume of blood (hypervolemia) and hypertension
130
Cushing's syndrome
A condition of the adrenal gland in which a cluster of symptoms occur as a result of an excessive amount of cortisol or ACTH circulating in the blood
131
Pheochromocytoma
A vascular tumor of the adrenal medulla that produces extra epinephrine and norepinephrine, leading to persistent or intermittent hypertension and heart palpitations
132
Pancreatic cancer
A life-threatening primary malignant neoplasm typically found in the head of the pancreas
133
Pancreatitis
An acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas
134
Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
Blood glucose sample usually taken early in the morning after the person has been without food or drink since midnight
135
Glucose tolerance test (GTT)
A test that evaluates the person's ability to tolerate concentrated oral glucose load by measuring the glucose levels
136
-ose
Carbohydrate
137
Hemoglobin A1c test (HbA1c)
Blood test that shows the average level of glucose in an individual’s blood during the past 3 months
A small sample of blood is collected from a vein (usually an arm vein) and is sent to the lab for analysis
138
Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test
A thyroid function test that evaluates the function of the thyroid gland by administering a known amount of radioactive iodine and later placing a gamma ray detector over the thyroid gland to determine the percentage or quantity of radioactive iodine absorbed by the gland over specific time periods
Used in the diagnosis of thyroid problems, particularly hyperthyroidism
139
Serum glucose test
Measures the amount of glucose in the blood at the time the sample was drawn
140
Thyroid echogram
An ultrasound examination important in distinguishing solid thyroid nodules from cystic nodules
141
Thyroid function tests
Laboratory tests that measure the blood levels of the t3,t4, and TSH hormones
Indicate how well the thyroid gland is working
142
Thyroid panel
A laboratory blood test that produces an enhanced thyroid profile
143
Thyroid scan
A test that determines the position, size, shape, and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of radionuclear scanning
144
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) blood test
Measures the concentration of TSH in the blood
