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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Bonehead

A

A rounded, knoblike end of a long bone, separated from the shaft of the bone by a narrow portion

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2
Q

Neck

A

A constricted or narrow section that connects with the head, as in the neck connecting to the head or the neck of the femur

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3
Q

Tuberosity

A

An elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone

Usually for attachment of muscles or tendons

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4
Q

Trochanter

A

Large bony process located below the neck of the femur, for attachment of muscles

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5
Q

Condole

A

A knuckle like projection at the end of a bone

Usually fits into a fossa of another bone to form a joint

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6
Q

Crest

A

A distict border or ridge

An upper elevated edge, as in the upper part of the hip bone (the iliac crest)

Generally sites for muscle attachment

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7
Q

Spine

A

A sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest

The spine of the scapula (shoulder blade) used for muscle attachment

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8
Q

Sulcus

A

A groove or depression in a bone

A fissure

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9
Q

Sinus

A

An opening or hollow space in a bone, as in the paranasal sinuses or the frontal sinus

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10
Q

Fossa

A

A hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone

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11
Q

Foramen

A

A hole within a bone that allows blood vessels or nerves to pass through, as in the foreman magnum of the skull that allows the spinal cord to pass through it

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12
Q

Frontal bone

A

Forms the forehead I front of the skull) and the upper part of the bony cavities that contain the eyeballs

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13
Q

Parietal bones

A

Just behind the frontal bones (“posterior to te frontal bones”) are the two parietal bones

Form most of the top and the upper sides of the cranium

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14
Q

Occipital bone

A

Single bone forms the back of the head and the base of the skull (back portion of the floor of the cranial cavity)

Contain the foremen magnum, through which the spinal cord passes

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15
Q

Temporal bones

A

Two bones forms the lower sides and part of the base of the skull (cranium)

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16
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Bat- shaped bone located at the base of the skull infront of the temporal bones

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17
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Lies just behind the nasal bone, in front of the sphenoid bone

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18
Q

Mandibular bone

A

Lower jaw bone

Mandible

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19
Q

Maxillary bones

A

The two bones of the upper jaw

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20
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Two bones for the high part of the cheek and the outer border of the eye orbits

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21
Q

Nasal bones

A

Two slender nasal bones give shape to the nose by forming the upper part of the bridge

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22
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Two small bones that are paper thin and shaped somewhat like a fingernail

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23
Q

Vomer

A

Thin, flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum

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24
Q

Palatine bones

A

Two bones

Vertical portion forms the sidewall of the nasal cavity

Horizontal portion joins in the midline to form the back (posterior)part of the root of the mouth

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25
Nasal conchae
Two inferior bones help complete the nasal cavity by forming the side and lower wall
26
Cervical vertebrae
First segment of the vertebral column Consists of the first seven bones of the vertebral column
27
Thoracic vertebrae
Second segment of the vertebral column Consisting of the next 12 vertebrae Identified as T1 - T12
28
Lumbar vertebrae
Third segment of the vertebral column Consists of the next five vertebrae
29
Sacrum
Fourth segment of the vertebral column
30
Coccyx
The fifth segment of the vertebral column Tailbone
31
Humerus
Upper arm bone Joins the scapula above Joins the radius and ulna below
32
Radius
One of the two lower arm bones that joins the humerus above and the wrist below Lateral, or thumb, side of the arm
33
Ulna
Second of the two lower arm bones that joins the humerus above and the wrist bone below Medial, or little finger, side
34
Carpals
Bones of the wrist Each wrist has 8 carpal bones
35
Metacarpals
Bones of the hands Form the bones of the hand
36
Phalanges
Bones of the fingers and toes Each finger has three phalangeal bones Thumb has only one
37
Femur
Thigh bone
38
Patella
Knee bone Kneecap
39
Tibia
Shin bone
40
Allegoric
Pertaining to originating from a different origin
41
All/o
Difference from
42
-Genic
Pertaining to formation, producing
43
Ankylosing spondylitis
It type Of arthritis that effects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine
44
Ankyl/o
Stiff
45
Spondyl/o
Spine, vertebra
46
-itis
Inflammation
47
Arthrodesis
The surgical fusion of a joint
48
Arthr/o
Joint
49
-desis
Binding or surgical fusion
50
articular cartilage
Thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joints
51
Bone depressions
Concaved, indented areas or openings in bones
52
Bone markings
Specific features of individual bones
53
Bone processes
Projections or outgrowth of bones
54
Cancellous bone
Spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone
55
Cervical vertebrae
Vertebra or bones of the neck, C1 - C7
56
Cervic/o
Neck
57
-al
Pertaining to
58
Compact bone
Hard outer shell of the bone
59
Condyle
Knuckle like projection at the end of a bone
60
Costochondritis
Inflammation of the rib cartilage of the antenor chest wall Characterized by pain and tenderness in the area
61
Cost/o
Ribs
62
Chondr/o
Cartilage
63
Crest
Distinct border or ridge iliac crest
64
Diaphysis
Main shaftlike portion of a bone
65
Epiphyseal line
A layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of a bone Epiphyseal plate
66
Epiphysis
The end of a bone
67
False ribs
Ribs pairs 8 through 10 Connect to the vertebrae in the back but not to the sternum
68
Fissure
A groove or depression in a bone Sulcus
69
Flat bones
Bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces Such as sternum
70
Floating ribs
Rib pairs 11 and 12 Connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the front
71
Fontanelles or fontanel
Space between the bones of an infant's cranium “Soft spot”
72
foramen
Hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerve pass
73
Fossa
Hollow or concare depression in a bone
74
Haversian canals
System of small canals within compact bone that contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
75
Hematopoiesis
The normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow
76
Hemat/o
Blood
77
-poiesis
Formation of
78
Hemopoietic, hematopoietic
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells
79
Intercostal spaces
Spaces between the ribs
80
Inter-
Between
81
Cost/o
Ribs
82
Intervertebral disk
A flat, circular, platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the vertebrae
83
Long bones
Bones that are longer than they are wide and with distinctive shaped ends Such as femur
84
Lumbar vertebrae
The vertebrae of the lower back L1 - L5
85
Lumb/o
Loins, lower back
86
Medullary cavity
The Center portion of the staff of a long bone containing the Yellow marrow
87
Ossification
The conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone Formation of bone
88
Osteoblasts
Immature bone cells that actively produce bony tissue
89
Oste/o
Bone
90
-blast
Immature, embryonic
91
Osteoclasts
Large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue
92
-clast
Something that breaks
93
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
94
Osteonecrosis
The death of bone tissue Possibly from trauma or some disease process
95
Necr/o
Death
96
-osis
Condition
97
Periosteum
The thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone
98
Peri-
Around
99
-Um
Noun ending
100
Red bone marrow
The soft, semifluid substance located in the small spaces of cancellous bone that is the source of blood cell production
101
Resorption
The process of removing and digesting old bone tissue
102
sesamoid bones
Irregular bones embedded in tendons near a joint, as in the kneecap
103
Short bones
Bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box-shaped Such as the wrist bone
104
Sinus
An opening or hollow space in a bone A cavity within a bone
105
Spine
A shame projection from the surface ot a bone Similar to crest
106
Stenosis
An abnormal condition characterized by a narrowing or restriction of an opening or passageway in a body structure
107
Sten/o
Short, contracted, or narrow
108
Subluxation
An incomplete dislocation (of a bone from a joint)
109
Sulcus
A groove or depression in a bone Fissure
110
Sutures
Immovable joints Such as those of the cranium
111
Synovectomy
Surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint
112
Synov/o
Synovial membrane, synovial fluid
113
-ectomy
Surgical removal
114
Thoracic vertebrae
The 12 vertebrae Of the chest,T1 - T12
115
Trabeculae
Needle like bony spicules within cancellous bone that contribute to the spongy appearance
116
Trochanter
Large bony process located below the neck of the femur
117
True ribs
The first 7 pairs of ribs Connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front
118
Tubercle
A small rounded process of bone
119
Tuberosity
An elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone
120
Vertebral foramen
A large opening in The Center of each vertebra that serves as a passageway for the spinal cord
121
Yellow marrow
Located in the diaphysis of long bones Consists of fatty tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells
122
Osteoporosis
Porous bones Bones that were once strong became fragile due to loss of bone density
123
Osteomalacia
Disease in which the bones become abnormally sutt due to deficiency of calcium and phosphorous in the blood Results in fractures and noticeable deformities of the weight-bearing bones
124
Poste/o
Bone
125
-porosis
Porous, lessening in density
126
-Malacia
Softening
127
Osteomyelitis
Local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow Resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood
128
Myel/o
Bone marrow
129
Ewing's sarcoma
Malignant tumor of the bones common to young adults Particularly adolescent boys
130
Sarc/o
Related to the flesh
131
-Oma
Tumor
132
Osteogenic sarcoma
Malignant tumor arsing from bone Also known as osteosarcoma
133
Osteochondroma
Most common benign bone tumor Femur and tibia are most common involved
134
Paget's disease
Non-metabolic disease Of the bone Characterized b excessive bone destruction and unorganized bone formation by the osteoblasts Bone is weak and prone to fractures
135
Spinal stenosis
Narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve root canals, or intervertebral foramini (openings) Of the lumbar spinal canal
136
Talipes equinovarus
Clubfoot
137
Kyphosis
Abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as humpback or hunchback
138
Lordosis
Abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine Commonly known as swayback
139
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the portion of the spine Curvature may be to the left or to the right
140
Fracture
Broken bone A sudden breaking of a bone
141
Bone scan
Involves the intravenous injection of a radioisotope, which is absorbed by bone tissue
142
Bone marrow aspiration
Process of removing a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle for the purpose of examining the specimen under a microscope
143
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Non invasive procedure that measures bone density
144
C1, C2, C3,…
Cervical vertebrae 1,2,3, etc.
145
DEXA
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
146
DIP
Distal interphalangeal (joint)
147
Fx
Fracture
148
L1, L2, L3,…
Lumbar vertebra 1,2,3, etc.
149
LLE
Left lower extremity
150
LUE
Left lower extremity
151
MCP
Metacarpophalangeal (joint)
152
MTP
Metatarsophalangeal (joint)
153
PIP
Proximal interphalangeal (joint)
154
RLE
Right lower extremities
155
RUE
Right upper extremities
156
S1
Sacrum
157
T1,T2,T3,…
Thoracic vertebra 1,2,3, etc.
158
THA
Total hip arthroplasty
159
THR
Total hip replacement
160
TKA
Total knee arthroplasty
161
TKR
Total knee replacement
162
TMJ
Temporomandibular joint

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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